北京宋庄城市客厅微景观设计

公司：	Crossboundaries	类型：	景观
地区：	中国	标签：	广场空间

北京快速的经济转型、独特的政治氛围和巨大的城市发展，形成了其大都市地区的艺术村落的突出轨迹，可以追溯到20世纪。它的起源可以追溯到圆明园，即北京东北部的旧颐和园，在那里，来自中国各地的艺术家定居，庆祝一个创造性的社区和激烈的艺术探索时期。在这场运动于1994年结束后，许多集体团体开始在这个三环外的城市边缘地带落地，即798厂、草场地和宋庄艺术区。

Beijing’s rapid economic transition, unique political atmosphere, and immense urban growth have shaped a trajectory of prominence of art villages in its metropolitan region dating back to the 1900s. Its origins can be traced back to Yuanmingyuan, the grounds of the Old Summer Palace in the north-east of Beijing, where artists settled from all over China to celebrate a creative community and period of intense artistic exploration. After this movement ended in 1994, many collective groups began to replicate around this urban fringe outside of the third ring, namely Factory 798, Caochandi, and the Songzhuang Art District.

宋庄，是中国乃至世界范围最大的艺术家聚集地，有来自20多个国家和地区的近万名艺术家在这里生活、创作。宋庄也是全世界拥有最多美术馆的地方，这个位于北京城市副中心的艺术创意小镇，在面积不到四平方公里的区域内，有数千个艺术家工作室，三十五家大中型美术馆。全球超过80%的国家级艺术馆、博物馆都收藏和展览着来自宋庄艺术家的作品，纽约的现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）就收藏有六位宋庄艺术家的作品。

The latter has seen the largest development in recent years, with more than 5,000 artists living within its grounds, and 35 large and medium-sized fine arts galleries, making it one of the largest gatherings of contemporary artists in China, if not in the world. Centered in the village around Xiaopu, in the town of Songzhuang, in the Tongzhou District, major factors influencing the development of this location included escaping the fast-paced city life and the pressures of modern society, while affording the opportunity to live side-by-side with the local population; this odd combination of art visitors and an aging population created an interesting dynamic, with each group having its own unique needs for public spaces.

宋庄新城市规划试点项目的任命

了解到提供多功能和包容性的公共设施的挑战，2018年组织了一次国际参与的总体规划竞赛，以重申新的 "艺术城市"模式的重要性。在这个框架内，Crossboundaries被委托将靠近小浦文化广场的停车场旁的线性街景再生为一个生动的户外社区公园。这个项目是众多追随这种新的社区精神而实现的充满活力的设计项目中的第一个。

Appointment for the pilot project of Songzhuang’s new urban planning

Understanding the challenge of offering versatile and inclusive communal facilities, a masterplan competition with international participation to reaffirm the importance of the new “Art City” model was organized in 2018. Within this framework, Crossboundaries was commissioned to regenerate a linear streetscape adjacent to a parking lot close to the Xiaopu Cultural Plaza into a lively outdoor community park. This project is the first realized vibrant design project of many to follow in the footsteps of this new communal spirit.

通过对材料和植被的适当选择，结合精心设计的空间配置、顺序和氛围，该公园适合于现场环境。结构的主要部分是一个穿孔的灰色砖墙，在指定的区域有集成的座位，与穿孔的科腾钢的双层下层交替使用。它的后面是一个充满中国南方松树和低矮灌木的绿色区域，形成了对停车区的自然缓冲，可以通过各种隐藏的小路进入。

The park is suited to the site environment through a proper choice of materials and vegetation, combined with carefully designed spatial configuration, sequence, and atmosphere. The main component of the structure is a perforated grey brick wall with integrated seating in designated areas, alternating with a double lower layer of perforated Corten steel. Behind it lies a green zone filled with Southern Chinese pine trees and low bushes, forming a natural buffer to the parking area that can be accessed through various hidden pathways.

在街道一侧，用耐候钢边缘框起来的长形花盆里种着波斯蚕丝树，形成了从繁忙的道路到公共区域的自然分隔，并承认新增加的场地与现有的和保留的更成熟的树木（中国槐树）相结合，嵌入到重新使用的人行道石头中。

On the street side, long planters framed with Corten steel edges contain Persian Silk trees, forming a natural separation from the busier road to the public area, and acknowledging the new addition to the site combined with the existing and preserved more mature trees (Chinese Locust trees) embedded within the re-used pavement stones.

在这片L型的场地上，路边人行道和公园之间以一系列户外“城市客厅”连接，蜿蜒前行，并沿着道路带动着周边的烟火气。“城市客厅”之间有着黄色漫步道联系，并使得不同的公共区域连成一个整体。这条小路一直贯穿着小公园，描绘出了一个更加自然的景观。法桐树和银杏树与前面有组织的“城市客厅”遥相呼应。因为有黄色的漫步道，这些“城市客厅”有着自己的层次：首先是如同前奏一般完全开放的欢迎客厅，然后是半围合的社交客厅，再到有着趣味游戏房的玩耍客厅，最后是一个多功能的体育休闲客厅，室外空间沿着客厅不断延申。

The L-shaped plot features a series of outdoor ‘rooms’ that provide unrestricted usage and trigger a variety of activities along a linear loop track, serving as a connecting element that meanders between the street side pavement and the park at a pocket of the site. The yellow track connects the rooms physically with each other, while also forming a visual link between the different public areas. The path extends into and through the small park area, which depicts a more natural landscape, with London plane and Ginkgo trees, in contrast to the organized promenade in the front. Linked by the yellow track, these rooms offer different levels of enclosure and boundary along a sequence: from completely open, forming a prelude-like plaza, to a slightly more defined area with a semitransparent grey backing wall, and an enclosed space that opens to the sky. The final space is less strictly defined within the new park zone, with only the ground surface marking its expanse.

▼平面图 Master plan

▼轴侧图 Axonometric view

不同空间的一天内的活动

第一个客厅将最初的街角改造成一个小广场，开启了一个有着由角砖墙和超尺度镜面构建的半围合空间。每日清晨，这里是太极和扇子舞的团队聚集处，而在晚上，它则吸引着大量广场舞爱好者，偶尔会看到狗主人和他们心爱的宠物沿着环路漫步。

A day in the life of the different spaces

Transforming the initial street corner into a small plaza, the first room opens up a semicircular space defined by angular brick walls and large mirror surfaces. In the morning, it serves as a gathering place for tai chi and fan dance, while in the evening it attracts groups of rhythmic dancers. Dog owners can also be seen strolling with their beloved pets along the bright yellow asphalt loop that connects the rooms.

第二个客厅让自己与静谧对话：沿着长凳，吸引来了棋手和围观的人们；一群老妇人在树荫下聊天；爷爷奶奶们与孩子一同玩乐。在周末，年轻人在灰砖与耐候钢下自拍，在马路对面的咖啡馆小酌。

The second room is a place for tranquil interactions: long benches along the stepping profiles of interspersed brick walls invite Chinese chess players and their audience; groups of elderly ladies chat in the shadow of the trees; grandparents tenderly interact with their grandchildren. On the weekends, younger people pose for selfies in front of the grey brick and Corten steel backdrop, many consuming beverages from the café across the road.

在公园延伸的拐角处，第三个客厅是专属于儿童的玩耍领地：一个亮黄色的房间；墙边有不同大小的躲猫猫和捉迷藏的入口；趣味的传声筒，可以听到叫喊声和唱歌声。爷爷奶奶，爸爸妈妈都可以从远处看到欢乐玩耍的孩子们。

On the corner of the extending park, the third room is dedicated to child’s play: a bright yellow room inside a room; layered brick walls with differently sized openings for peek-a-boo and hide-and-seek; connecting speaking tubes through which shouting and singing can be heard. In front of it, grandparents, parents, and other caretakers can observe the children at play from a distance.

在公园的域内，黄色的环线一直延伸到第四个客厅，一个露天健身房，绿色草地中间的运动空间。在运动器材和圆形座位之间，居民们各得其所。

Inside the rectangle of the park, the yellow loop track itself spans up to the fourth room, increasing in size to become an open-air gym, an exercise space in the middle of green meadows. Between the sports equipment and the circular seating, community members comfortably find their own spaces.

这每100步一个“客厅”节点，创造让人停留的空间。从入口的欢迎客厅到娱乐客厅，再到运动客厅，每一个节点都有一个主题，人行步道将节点串联起来，形成愉快的步行体验。四季有景的林荫道、层次丰富的步行空间，让艺术家、居民和访客从城市的喧闹中抽离出来，在具有艺术氛围的空间中休闲、交流。

The streetscape responds to different people’s needs: the inclusive nature of the design, with its variety of inviting, bright spaces, colorfully accented, was instantly embraced as a true model of integration that encourages interaction for all age groups.

这座开放式艺术公园，将来还是艺术家们的作品展示平台。目前在欢迎客厅，就摆放着一座往届宋庄艺术节的获奖雕塑作品。未来还会有更多艺术作品摆进公园，让市民、游客在小堡村获得丰富多彩的、沉浸式的艺术体验。

Furthermore, Songzhuang Micro Community Park is helping to nurture the largest gathering place for artists in China, in a symbiotic relationship with the community.