红房子之家

这座房子位于里斯本南部的Azeitao的一个小村庄。该地区受山丘保护，远离大西洋，拥有温和的地中海小气候，为种植葡萄创造了理想的条件，生产出该国最好的葡萄酒。该项目由客户的祖父母在20世纪初建造的前酒厂改建而成。该地块远离主干道，周围邻居环绕，沿着一条狭窄的小巷进入，该地块有一小片橘子树果园，是村庄中央的绿洲。

This house is located in a small village in Azeitao, south of Lisbon. Protected by hills from the Atlantic Ocean, the area has a mild Mediterranean microclimate, creating the ideal conditions for growing grapes, producing some of the country’s finest wines. The project consists of the conversion of a former winery, built by the client’s grandparents at the beginning of the 20th century. Set back from the main road and surrounded by neighbours, accessible along a narrow alley, the plot has a small orchard of orange trees, an oasis in the middle of the village.

对这片果园的保护决定了整个项目，为了保留这些树木，必须保留现有的建筑，并接受房子的两边与相邻的房产相接。项目本来是没有窗户的，只在现有体量上开了两个切口，于是在面向果园的西侧立面开凿了一扇14米长的窗户，将室内和室外变成了一个统一的空间。在与相邻房产相邻的角落里插入了一个庭院，让光线进入房屋最黑暗的区域。

Preservation of this orchard determined the whole project. In order to retain the trees, it was necessary to keep the existing building and accept that the two sides of the house, which border adjacent properties, would have no windows. Only two incisions were made into the existing volume. A 14-meter long window was cut into the west façade facing the orchard, turning the interior and exterior into a single space. A courtyard was inserted into the corner abutting the adjacent properties, allowing light to enter the darkest areas of the house.

房子的公共区域布置在底层，占据了整个占地面积。私人区域在上层展开，在外墙两侧，产生一系列战略性的空隙，在下面的底层创造出双层和三层高度的空间。慷慨的规模让人想起了建筑的前用途。

The public areas of the house are arranged on the ground floor, occupying the entire footprint. The private areas unfold on the upper level, flanking the facades, generating a sequence of strategically placed voids, which create double and triple height spaces on the ground floor below. The generous scale recalls the building’s former use.

在内部，我们创造了非常特殊的氛围；9米高的天花板给入口大厅带来了宫殿般的维度，而在庭院中可以进行露天淋浴。白色的地板反射着室内的日光，镜面墙让空间显得无限大，陷于倒影与现实之间，而推拉窗则让整个客厅在炎热的夏夜与花园相通。为了适应南方的生活方式，室内被设想成一种朴素但不拘一格的氛围，在这里，私密的活动可以与满桌的家人和朋友共存。

Inside, very specific moments are created; a 9-meter high ceiling gives a palace-like dimension to the entrance hall and open-air showers are possible in the courtyard. A white floor reflects daylight in the interior, mirrored walls make spaces seem infinite, trapped between reflection and reality, while sliding windows open the entire living room to the garden on hot summer nights. Designed to suit the way of living in the South, the house was envisioned with a stark but informal atmosphere, where private matters could coexist with a table full of family and friends.

在施工过程中，所有现有的材料都被保留下来，并进行了升级改造；旧的屋顶瓦片被重新利用，石头被改造成了窗台，木质的屋顶结构变成了外部平台。保留现有的墙体意味着要面对原始的地中海建筑技术，这比材料的工业化还要早。为了使新旧砂浆兼容，当地一家公司开发了一种石灰砂浆，采用千年技术，将纯石灰和波佐兰结合起来。一旦暴露在空气中的氧气中，砂浆就会开始石化，慢慢变成石头。在砂浆中加入一种天然的红色颜料，以加强建筑的存在感，让房子逐渐老化，并改变其色调，而永远不需要涂上一层油漆。日积月累，房子的颜色会发生变化，根据湿度的不同，颜色会变浅或变深，下雨的时候几乎是黑色的。

All existing materials were preserved and upcycled during construction; the old roof tiles were reused, stone was transformed into sills, the timber roof structure became an exterior deck. Retaining the existing walls meant confronting primordial Mediterranean construction techniques, which predated the industrialisation of materials. To make old and new mortars compatible, a lime mortar was developed by a local company working with millennial techniques, combining pure lime with pozzolans. Once it is exposed to oxygen in the air, the mortar will begin to petrify, slowly turning into stone. A natural red pigment was added to the mortar, to reinforce the building’s presence, allowing the house to age gradually and changing its tonality, without ever requiring a coat of paint. Over the days and months, the colour of the house alters, lighter or darker depending on the humidity, almost black when it rains.

为了突出房子的地中海特色，在花园里插入了一个反射水池。黑色的水池高出地面，让人联想到一个古老的灌溉池，与天空相映成趣。由于不可能区分界限或边缘，在这里游泳是一种原始的行为；水中的身体漂浮在绝对的虚空中。

To accentuate the house’s Mediterranean character, a reflecting pool was inserted in the garden. Raised above the ground recalling an old irrigation tank, the black pool mirrors the sky. Since it is not possible to distinguish limits or edges, swimming here is a primordial act; the body in water floats in an absolute void.

五月，当橘子树的香味弥漫在夜空中时，香气让人陶醉。

In May, when the scent of the orange trees fills the night air, the aroma is intoxicating.

▽轴侧分解 Axonometric

▽场地区位 Location

▽入口层平面图 Ground floor plan

▽一层平面图 First floor plan

▽二层平面图 Second floor plan

▽立面图 Elevation

▽立面图 Elevation

▽剖面图 Section

▽剖面图 Section

▽剖面图 Section

Project name: Red House

Company name: Extrastudio

Website: www.extrastudio.pt

Contact e-mail: info@extrastudio.pt

Project location: Vendas de Azeitão, Portugal

Completion Year: 2016

Building area (m²): 360m2

Architecture:  João Caldeira Ferrão, João Costa Ribeiro, Madalena Atouguia, Daniela Freire, Maria João Oliveira, Sónia Oliveira, Tiago Pinhal, Rita Rodrigues

Landscape architetcure: Oficina dos jardins

Consultants: PRPC Engenheiros lda (structural engineering, plumbing, gas, building physics and acoustics), Mário Andrade (electrical), Gonçalo de Meirelles (gas)

Contractor: Sequeira e Serra lda

Photo credits: Fernando Guerra | FG+SG