葡萄牙马夫拉住宅

Mafra之家位于Palácio Nacional de Mafra旁，是一座国家纪念碑，因其毗连的方济会修士修道院而更为人所知，该项目在过去和现在之间创造了一种奇异的混合力量。为了充分完成这个项目，项目考虑了诸如宫殿的临近性和围绕着房子的异质建筑，以及老房子的废旧立面等方面，这是建筑发展的关键因素。

The Mafra House, located by the Palácio Nacional de Mafra, a national monument better known by the contiguous Convent of Franciscan friars, is a project that has created a singular mix of forces between the past and the present. To be fully accomplished, the project considered aspects such as the palace's proximity and the heterogeneous buildings that surrounds the house, as well as the ruined façade of the old house, a key element in the architectural development.

核心设计理念是利用被毁坏的原有立面；当恢复的立面，在视觉上突出了新房子。我们的目标是找到一个平衡点，考虑到周边地区房屋的多样性和靠近国家纪念碑的位置。从零开始建造的项目，在地块内部出现了凹陷，并与被毁的立面分离，在两个立面之间出现了一个空间，在这个空间里，旧的建筑突出了房子本身的价值。

The central idea was to take advantage of the ruined pre-existing façade; a façade which, when recovered, visually highlighted the new house. The goal was to find an equilibrium, given the diversity of the houses in the surrounding area and the proximity to the national monument. Built from scratch, the Mafra House appears recessed inside the plot and detached from the ruined façade, emerging a space between the two façades in which the old construction highlights and values the house itself.

房子是一个单一的体量，完全以白色为主，外观坚固，有拱形屋顶和三个天井，每个立面都有一个天井，通过立面上可见的凹槽将建筑的节奏引入其中，从而使坚固的房子外观变得柔和，允许从外面打开遮蔽的窗户。

The house is a single volume, totally in white colour and robust in appearance with gable roof and three patios, one patio per elevation that softens the solid house appearance by introducing rhythms to the construction through the visible recesses in the elevation planes which allowed the opening of sheltered windows from the outside.

主入口包含了一个前厅，它协调了新旧立面。住宅的这一部分是其视觉上最独特的部分，同时也为街道上没有人行道的居民提供了更多的安全保障。

The main entrance is made through an antechamber, which mediates the new and the old façades. This part of the house is the most singular for its visual interest, introducing, at the same time, more security to its residents in a street where there is no sidewalk.

虽然处于在一个多元化的建筑背景下，有一个共同的特点，几乎所有的房子，这是存在的两层以上的门槛，已增加了一个地下车库，只有通过降低整个高差在后面允许引入的窗户开放的访问坡道到车库。这个坡道的设计还包括在北面的立面，在底层，拓宽了相邻的街道，使汽车可以进入车库。在第一层，平面布局也占据了这个空隙，从而形成了一个控制台区域。

Although placed in a diversified architectural context, there is a common feature to almost all the houses, which is the presence of the two floors above the threshold, a characteristic that this project respected, having been added a subbasement with garage, only possible by lowering the entire plot at the back allowing the introduction of windows open over the access ramp to the garage. The design of this ramp also includes a recess in the north façade, at the ground-floor level, widening the adjacent street to allow car access to the garage. On the first level, the floor plan also occupies this void, thus resulting in a console area.

附近的Tapada de Mafra的墙，是灵感的源泉，也是一个与历史相融的机会，因为它与翻新后的旧立面形成了完美的和谐。 为了实现这一目标，该立面经过了一次修葺，其中石雕被恢复，但仍可见其中的砖石。

The nearby wall of Tapada de Mafra, served as a source of inspiration and an opportunity since it creates a perfect harmony with the refurbished old façade.  To achieve this goal, the façade went through a make-up in which the stonework was restored, remaining visible the secular masonry.

在开发这个项目时，主要关注的是创造一个具有现代线条的房子，在功能上和视觉上都与建筑环境相适应，尤其是立面，满足了传统房屋的想象。

The main concern in developing this project was to create a house with contemporary lines, functionally and visually fitted into the architectural surroundings, with the old façade leading to the imaginary of traditional houses.

Project name: Casa Mafra / Mafra House

Company name: João Tiago Aguiar, arquitectos

Website: www.joaotiagoaguiar.com

Contact e-mail: info@joaotiagoaguiar.com

Project location: Lisbon, Portugal

Completion Year: 2020

Construction Area: 311m2

Responsible Architects: João Tiago Aguiar

Project team: Rúben Mateus, Susana Luis, João Nery Morais, Maria Sousa Otto, Arianna Camozzi, Samanta Cardoso de Menezes, Diogo Romão, Constança Lino, Francisco Duarte, Renata Vieira.

Client: Private

Builder: PMJ

Photograph credits: FG+SG

Photographer´s website: www.ultimasreportagens.com