澳大利亚 菲茨罗伊花园的重建

通过重新设计花园（占地9000平方米，以前不对公众开放），使之成为一个更小更有效的配置，约4500平方米的土地可用于各种新的用途，包括雨水池、大量新的景观公共开放空间、新的游客中心和咖啡馆--考虑到墨尔本市不断增长的人口和游客数量以及气候变化的持续影响，所有这些都是重要的成果。

By redesigning the garden’s old maintenance depot, covering an area of 9000m² and formerly unavailable to public access, into a smaller more efficient configuration, around 4500m² of land became available for a variety of new purposes, including the stormwater tank, substantial new landscaped public open space, a new visitor centre and cafe – all significant outcomes given the City of Melbourne’s growing population and visitor numbers and the ongoing impact of climate change.

第一阶段安装了5百万吨的地下雨水池。结合生物滞留过滤系统，该水箱提供了花园年浇灌需求的近60%，每年为墨尔本市节省约18万美元和多达70兆吨的饮用水使用量。该系统的设计还意味着，在未来的干旱期间，选择性灌溉可以维持现有的树木和重要的种植区域，而无需依赖饮用水或 "卡车运来 "的水，这对项目来说是一个很好的经济和可持续发展成果。雨水收集系统还可以减少污染物，如泥沙、氮、磷和重金属进入附近的亚拉河，流入墨尔本菲利普湾。

Stage one saw the installation of the 5 megalitre underground stormwater tank. Coupled to bio-retention filtration the tank provides almost 60 per cent of the garden’s annual watering needs, saving the City of Melbourne around $180,000 and up to 70 megalitres of potable water use each year. The system design also meant that during future droughts, selective irrigation could sustain the existing trees and areas of significant plantings, without relying on potable or ‘trucked in’ water, which is an excellent economic and sustainability outcome for the project. The stormwater harvesting system also reduces pollutants such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorous and heavy metals entering the nearby Yarra River and flowing into Melbourne’s Port Phillip Bay.

水箱设置在新的公共草坪下，尺寸为40米×26米，高5米。在地面以下8米处，水箱上方有3米深的土壤介质，可以保留现有的重要树木和棕榈树，种植新的大型树冠树，并沿着一条恢复的历史河道进行重要的底层种植。

Set under the new public lawn, the tank measures 40 metres by 26 metres and 5 metres high. At 8 metres below ground level the tank has 3 metres of deep soil medium above it, allowing the retention of significant existing trees and palms, the planting of large new canopy trees and significant under-planting along a restored historic rill.

这条旧河道以前穿过旧车厂的一条通道，不为公众所见，在重建中被赋予了新的突出地位。新的水渠沿着公共草坪，以一个奇异的巨型插头插座为终点，提供了一个视觉工具，帮助教育游客了解水在花园中的循环使用过程。

The old rill, which previously ran through a channel in the old depot, unseen by the general public, was given a new prominence in the redevelopment. Running alongside the public lawn and ending in a whimsical, giant plug outlet, the new rill provides a visual tool to help educate visitors on the journey water takes through the gardens on its way to being recycled.

新建的游客中心和咖啡馆位于草坪的西边，毗邻热门旅游景点Cooks'Cottage，通过提供信息服务、旅游项目基地、休息场所和新景观的迷人景色，增强了花园的整体服务。该景点还将游客与附近惠灵顿大道上的公共交通连接起来，并为游客提供了一条通往市中心的捷径，风景如画。

The addition of the new visitor centre and cafe, situated on the western edge of the lawn and adjacent to the popular tourist attraction Cooks’ Cottage, enhances the overall offering of the gardens by providing information services, a base for tourist programs, a place to rest and attractive views out over the new landscaping. The site also connects visitors with public transport on nearby Wellington Parade and provides a picturesque shortcut to the central city.

游客中心本身被绿色的攀援植物屏风所掩盖，成为新的公共草坪的综合景观元素。通过解决建筑围护结构、遮阳、日照、玻璃、热质量、自然通风、用水、能源和空间加热和冷却等问题，所有新建筑的环境性能都得到了优化。新建筑上还安装了光电阵列。在游客中心的后面，现代而紧凑的新车厂被有意地隐藏起来，但对公众来说却很明显。

The visitor centre itself is veiled with a green screen of climbing plants, presenting as an integrated landscape element to the new public lawn. The environmental performance of all the new buildings was optimised by addressing building envelope, shading, daylighting, glazing, thermal mass, natural ventilation, water use, energy sources and space heating and cooling. Photo-voltaic arrays were also installed on the new buildings. Behind the visitor centre the modern and compact new depot is intentionally unobtrusive, yet subtly visible to the public.

自开放以来，游客中心的游客数量超过了所有的预测，而咖啡馆也深受当地居民、附近的上班族和游客的欢迎。这个雄心勃勃的项目是对环境和社会压力的可持续和创造性的回应，从以前未被充分利用和被忽视的土地上提取价值。从总体规划的制定到建筑成果的实现，该地块的改造过程涉及多个学科、贡献者和利益相关者多年来的合作。这确保了这个实质性的新城市空间和相关的新设施与历史悠久的菲茨罗伊花园现有的公共领域适当地融合。

Since opening the visitor centre has exceeded all predictions for visitor numbers, while the cafe is popular with local residents, nearby office workers and visitors alike. This ambitious project resulted in a sustainable and creative response to environmental and social pressures, extracting value from a previously underutilised and overlooked parcel of land. The process of transforming the site involved the collaboration of many disciplines, contributors and stakeholders over multiple years, from development of the master plan to the built outcome. This has ensured this substantial new urban space and the associated new facilities properly integrate with the existing public realm of the historic Fitzroy Gardens.

▽平面图 Concept plan

▽种植平面图 Planting

▽剖面图与地下蓄水池 Sectino & Underground water tank

Project: Fitzroy Gardens Redevelopment

Entrant office name: City of Melbourne City Design Studio

Project location: Wellington Parade, Melbourne, Australia

Role of the entrant in the project: Urban design, landscape design and architecture

Website: melbourne.vic.gov.au

Design year: 2013

Year Built: 2014–15

Photo credit: Nils Koenning