杭州·西湖高尔夫

公司：	玖鹿设计	类型：	景观
地区：	中国	标签：	公园绿地 \| 公共空间

玖鹿设计：本次设计源于一场20年的思想变迁，作为2022年杭州亚运会高尔夫球比赛场地，业主希望本项目在20年前Jack Nicklaus原设计基础上做符合当代审美及环境价值的更新和修复，修旧如旧的同时打造一个国内还未尝试过的原生态高尔夫球场。

NCD Studio：This design was inspired by an ideological transformation two decades ago. As the venue for the golf competition of Asian Games Hangzhou 2022, proprietors hoped to renew and renovate in accordance with modern aesthetics and environmental value based on the original design of Jack Nicklaus 20 years ago. Meanwhile, they also wanted to construct a golf course of original ecology.

溯源Source Tracing

传统的花园大都是附属于建筑，高尔夫球场景观有其鲜明的特殊性，区别于一般公建或地产项目以建筑或规划为核心点、中心框架，随之项目的景观框架先天已基本成形，高尔夫景观可以看作一个超大尺度的花园：它所包裹在内核的是发球台、球道与果岭——本质上还是景观，从专业话语权和自由度上着实是提高了不少，但从设计边界与设计元素的维度看又带来了不小的挑战，这就需要不同的解题思路来处理。从20年的时间尺度来看，解题的手法在变迁，而决定其改变的实则是价值取向、审美标准、环境思维的改变。

Traditional gardens are mostly affiliated to buildings. The landscape of the golf course is unique.They are different from average public or real estate projects, as construction or planning is taken as the central framework. The framework of the project landscape basically formed. The gold landscape can be viewed as a massive garden, including the tee ground, the ball groove and the putting green---they are essentially part of the landscape. The professional power of discourse and level of freedom improved significantly. But some challenges occurred in terms of border and element design, which should be handled in different ways and approaches. Over a time span of two decades, the ways of handling the challenges kept changing, which were actually determined by the changes in value orientation, aesthetical standards and environmental thinking.

▽ 改造前的球场现状 The golf course before the renovation

设计现场是在一片群山起伏包裹中的具有强烈90年代美式设计特征的开阔场所：当年流行的美式乡村风格构筑、多重层次分明的场地空间、带有一些地产痕迹植物配置……初踏现场，在如此开阔的场地上，如何让人与自然有一个舒适的对话语境，成了我们探讨和寻求的主要线索，一开始我们只是模糊的希望能让这种对话更加的抽象和接近本能一些，可以将场地无违和感的置入周围空间之中。

The venue is an open site surrounded by hills with the American design characteristics of the 1990s: the American countryside architecture, the space with distinctively multiple layers and plant arrangements with traces of real estate....When arriving at the venue for the first time, we discussed and sought clues about creating a comfortable context of conversation between man and nature. In the beginning, we merely hoped to make the conversation more abstract and close to instinct, so as to incorporate it into the surrounding space.

▽场地内的植物 Plants in the golf course

在踏勘过程中我们发现球道之间多由黑松、水杉、香樟等林带分隔，它们天然的将宽阔的球场梳理成了阴阳两个区域，也是设计初始的脉络，这种经过多年发展的肌理感具有独一无二的节奏美，这是我们希望保留下来的部分，即精神上的原始感，而在球道与周围环境的交接部、水岸边界、建筑边界等区域确已很难辨认当初的设计构想，属于半人工半荒野状态，这个结合部也是我们这次的着力点，设计带来的惊喜在于：独特的材质应该包裹在非他原生语言体系下的环境中，否则只是另一种纬度的复制和标准化，即陌生的亲切感。

During the on-the-spot survey, we found the separation belts consisting of lodgepole pine, metasequoia and camphor trees. They divided the natural golf course into yin and yang sections. After many years of development, the unique beauty of rhythm and texture was what we hoped to retain, i.e. the sense of spiritual originality. The initial designs could hardly be found in the junction areas between the ball grooves, water edges and construction borders. We also planned to focus on the junction areas. The surprise of design is: the unique texture should be included in the non-native language context. Otherwise, it is another type of duplication and standardization of dimension, i.e. the strange sense of intimacy.

洗牌 Shuffle

整个项目以景观为视觉主导，甚至是以植物为主，可以看作另一种极简。

The whole project is primarily oriented by landscape and even plants, which can be deemed as another type of simplicity.

周围远山背景和现场原生植物都有着自身独特的肌理和野性之美，我们需要做的就是将这种不规则野生的美感打碎重组，加以梳理和重组，最大限度的消隐的人造痕迹。

The distant mountains and the native plant on the spot demonstrate their unique texture and wild beauty. What we need to do is to scatter, recombine, rearrange and reassemble the irregular sense of wild beauty, in order to eliminate artificial traces.

设计优先对原球场里的原有植物做了样貌、习性等多维度的分析，移位了上千棵树木，以原有的“佐料”为基础，重新洗牌组合，改变了搭配并增加了一些小乔木和地被植物如细叶芒、班叶芒、小兔子狼尾草、金红羽狼尾草、野牛草、格兰马草等灯心草等。

The design analyzed the multiple aspects of original plants in the gold course, such as appearance and habit. Nearly one thousand trees were displaced. Based on intrinsic “seasonings”, certain types of small arbors and ground cover plants, including maiden grass, Chinese pennisetum, grama grass and juncus effuses, were added and rearranged.

结合原有的人工湖及泄洪径流，我们在球场调度中心附件新增了水杉林实地景观，创造了一个小的后花园空间，又为日后丰水期的泄洪分担了压力，同时吸引动物的驻留。有了前二十年设计留下的经验，我们在这次设计中，留给水岸边界更多的自由生长空间，希望能在未来的长时间轴里由人、动物、植物共同参与和见证湿地自我更新、修复的过程。

With the original artificial lake and flood discharge runoff, we added metasequoia plantations to the dispatching center of the golf course. Then, a small backyard garden was created to reduce the pressure of flood discharge and attract animals to stay. With the help of previous experience two decades ago, we left more room for growth on the water edge. The purpose is to let people, animals and plants engage in and witness the self-renewal and self-repair process over the long term in the future.

▽场地内的动物 Animals in the golf course

▽手稿思路 Design Manuscript

▽空中鸟瞰水杉林 An aerial view of the metasequoia forest

借势Take advantages

借山。更新类项目最有意思的点在于现场设计：场地内除了与建筑相关位置和入口处几乎都没有效果图甚至是明确的方案，取而代之的是无数次的现场“游园”：今天刚为发现一个被破坏的原生竹林而惋惜，明天可能就在边角某个不起眼的池塘边找到一棵宝藏树。设计也对原有植被进行收纳式的梳理：借同种类林带生长肌理之势并加以强调，除去了一些杂质后，整个画面拥有了更强的整体感和生命力。

Take advantages of hills. The most interesting point of the renewal projects is the site design: other than the entrance and positions relating to construction, there is almost no design sketch or even explicit scheme. Instead, many “parks” were put in place for substitution. Today people may feel sorry for a damaged bamboo forest. Tomorrow they might find a precious tree in a corner of an unimpressive lake. The design also arranged the original plants: by taking advantages of the texture of similar tree belts and eliminating impurities, the whole site had more sense of integrity and vitality.

借水。另一大重心我们放在了人工湖及湿地范围的设计内容上，这也是场地内动植物生态链最紧密的交接场所。我们对连接水岸的湿地区域进行了挺水、沉水植被的补充，它们不仅是水生生态系统的重要初级生产者，而且是水环境的重要调节者，占据了水生态系统中的关键性界面，以此保护鸟类及鱼类等野生动物栖息地。

Take advantages of water. Another major focus is the design of artificial lake and wetland, which is also the area closest to the animals and plants in the site. We added supplements to the submerged and emerged vegetation in the wetland areas. They are not only the important primary producers of the aquatic ecosystem but also the regulators in the key interface of the ecosystem, in order to protect the wildlife habitat for birds and fish.

借风。我们对地表面采用最多是野牛草、格兰马草的覆盖，其质感柔软纤细，姿态自由摇曳，是最接近场地气质与色彩的一种肌理，偶尔在风中带来的灯心草种子在野牛草丛中散落，带来了意外的惊喜画面。另外在很多林下区域我们选择了留白处理，利用现场就地取材制作的松木屑覆盖，减轻了后期维护难度，达到低人工干预的目的。

Take advantages of wind. We covered the ground surface mostly with buffalo grass and grama grass. These grasses have soft and thin texture and often sway freely in the wind. Occasionally, the seeds of Juncus effusus float among the buffalo grass, creating an amazing picture. Additionally, in a lot of underwood areas, we chose to retain vacant regions by covering them with the pine sawdust, in order to make it easier for subsequent maintenance and reducing manual intervention.

共生Commensalism

这个项目中大家所思考的更多是人与自然的关系，目前国内考虑到土地浪费、自然资源破坏等多种因素，政策层面不鼓励新建乃至改造高尔夫球场，因此利用本次亚运场地更新设计的机会，在多专业的共同努力下将场地塑造成持久的、能自我生长的生命体，在满足功能性的同时是与自然无缝衔接的，在未来若干年内不用再做过多人为干预的改变。自然生态与人类活动之间的联系也如同洄游一样，是一种周期性运动，随着不同生命周期各个环节的推移，不断重复进行，相互平衡和制约。这是代表长期以来对外界环境条件变化的适应结果，既取之于自然，最后又会还给自然。

This project encourages people to think more about the connection between man and nature. Currently, due to various factors like land waste and the destruction of natural resources, policies tend to spur new construction and renovation of golf courses. Hence, by seizing the chance of renewing the venues in this Asian Games, professional and joint efforts are gathered to turn the site into a living entity with sustainable self-growth, so it can seamlessly connect with nature besides functionality. In the next several years, no more human intervention or change will be required. In this regard, the connection between natural ecology and human activities becomes a cyclical movement, which keeps repeating and forges mutual equilibrium and balance along the progression of different life cycles. It represents the long-term adaptation to changes in external environmental conditions. Since it stems from nature, it will return to nature in the end.

▽黄麂 Muntjac