生态景观桥——澳大利亚景观师协会竞赛

“生态飘带”生态景观桥 ——澳大利亚景观师协会竞赛

'Ribbons of Life' A Living Bridge in Canberra - Remaking Lost Connections design competition entry organised by Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA)

由澳大利亚景观师协会（AILA)联合首都政府(NCA)，城市更新委员会，环境规划及可持续发展委员会一同组织的 Remaking Lost Connections 设计竞赛，旨在搭建堪培拉未来城市发展与当下可持续发展的相关议题之间的桥梁，从景观角度提出对气候异常，生境缺失，健康人居等可持续发展议题从城市更新的角度提出创新解决方案。

This competition is organised by ACT Chapter of Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, in partnership with the National Capital Authority (NCA), Environment Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate (EPSDD) and the City Renewal Authority (CRA) themed Remaking the Lost Connections. The goal is to explore new ideas about the future sustainable city development with the current natural, cultural, and environmental issues, focusing on climate change, loss of habitat, sustainable lifestyle, therefore raise innovative solutions and approaches for the urban renewal of Canberra City. 

我们提出的方案，是在堪培拉的城市“水轴”——格里芬人工湖上构建一座生态陆桥。

格里芬湖是在莫郎格洛河上筑坝形成的一座人工景观湖，竣工于1963年。修建过程中永久性地淹没了当地土著部落努納瓦（Ngunnawal）人的岩画遗址，这些岩画对土著居民而言是传承文化，教育下一代的重要资源。扩大的水域也成为城市环境中的一道人造天堑，切断了两岸的生态联系。

Our design is to create a water axis based on the existing road bridge, Commonwealth Avenue, above Lake Griffin in the Canberra City centre. Lake Griffin is a scenic landmark expanded from the Molonglo River as a part of the city plan back in 1963. During the lake construction, some Aboriginal Ngunawal cultural sites and rock paintings went inundated forever. The enlarged water body separated the natural passage even further away, although road bridges were constructed, the natural habitat had strongly impacted.

我们提议的“生态飘带”(Ribbons of Life)，依托连接国会三角和城市CBD的联邦大桥而建。为原大桥包裹了一层森林外壳。从河的上游提取一片原生植被林地（Bushland），覆盖于曲面形态的混凝土薄壳结构之上，呼应堪培拉国会大厦覆土建筑的原型，成为大桥的生态上盖；同时提取被永久淹没的土著岩画，以激光投影的形式投射在薄壳结构的底面，形成通行桥的艺术天穹，重拾遗失的土著文化赋予其新形式的重生。

The proposed Ribbons of Life is to create a forest shell over the existing road bridge between the Parliament House and the CBD. Imitating a piece of sample bushland from the natural reserve located in the upper stream of the Molonglo River, the forest will cover the concrete shell in an organic form, echoing the green architecture of the Parliament House. Under the shell, the inundated aboriginal art will be revived by projection on the structure to represent the lost cultural heritage.

新构建的动物通道，连接两岸公园地，最窄处宽逾30米，足以形成具有安全感的生物通道。其曲线造型来自对周边环境中主导元素的一一呼应：湖中央的库克船长喷泉，西岸半岛上的国家博物馆，西北湖湾的新城市水岸，当然还有国会山的对景，都成为形态生成的要素。

同时也考虑生物通道对水源的要求，将一翼下折入水，形成坡地形态的生态湿地，净化水体的同时，为动物提供所需水源。

The forest ribbon is also a wildlife corridor, connecting the parks on the north and south of the lake, width varies from approximately 30 metres to 100 metres, a safe passage for indigenous wildlife. The creation of the organic form has integrated the views to the surrounding landmarks, such as Cook Capitan Memorial Jet on the lake, Natural Museum of Australia on the peninsula in the east-west, proposed new waterfront development on the north-west bank, and the Capital Hill on the south. 

The west fringe extends into the water becomes a wetland, providing the water access for the passengers and the water plants will contribute to improving water quality.

与“生态飘带” 并行，但却又彼此相互独立的，是一条名为“城市飘带”的线性公园。两条飘带相互缠绕交错，形成全方位，多角度的互动关系，但又保持物理上的分离，以避免产生对生物通道的人为干扰，却又最大限度引入对公众的生态教育机会。

The other ribbon is the linear park, another independent structure for people passage. Two ribbons twine through the living corridor are separate but have a tight relationship. It provides educational opportunities in the open space while minimising the disturbance to wildlife activities. Solar panels are also integrated into paving to generate clean power for the use of luminance, operation, and possible future transport.

线性公园由几个功能模块衔接而成：

1，悬浮在生态陆桥之上，由分隔罩包裹的的树顶观鸟走廊；

2，悬挑于水上，面向湖心大喷泉的户外剧场；

3，穿越到混凝土薄壳之下，欣赏土著艺术激光秀的桥段；

4，以及近距离观察水生动植物的双层立体沉水栈道。

The key components of the linear park consist of:

1.    Bird observing corridor situates above the wildlife corridor;

2.    Plaza facing the water jet in the lake centre;

3.    Laser projection art under the forest shell; and 

4.    Water life observing channel.

作为线性公园的“城市飘带”中结合了太阳能光伏板铺装路面等元素，以达到自我供能的零碳目标。

 “生态飘带”的微地形和植被设计，充分尊重本土生物的需求，构建完整的食物链和食物网络，为生物迁徙创造适宜的原生环境。断面植物配置上形成两翼的防风林带，中央开阔草甸，密林带，林间蜜源植物带，岩石灌木林带，滨水湿地带等多种生境形式。岩石和枯木的布置也为本土生物们提供自然栖息生境。

The microtopography design and plant selection are considered for the resources and needs, creating a healthy food chain and network for fauna. It has provided a natural habitat for migration and a safe living environment. The landscape feature includes windbreak forests on both sides, nectar meadow, woodland, rocky bushland, and wetland. Rocks and logs will be placed in the natural arrangement to provide shelters along migration passage. 

通过在关键节点架构生态陆桥和线性公园，为堪培拉这座遵照“花园城市”模板规划建设而成的年轻都市，注入全新生态意识，扭转人们对于“绿色既是生态”，“公园既是生态”的传统错误观念。尊重自然过程，尊重本地历史，体现场所精神，确立可持续城市发展的未来方向。

Our wildlife corridor and the linear park have set an example for the future Garden City Plan action. It gives a new direction for sustainable city development, which raises the awareness of environmental threats, and correct the misconceptions of ‘Green represents Ecology’ and ‘Parks means Ecology’. In respect of nature and local history, reflecting the spirit of the place, our design has established the future direction of sustainable urban development.

作品将于2019年六月下旬在堪培拉的国家首都展览馆进行为期两周的展出。

The work will be exhibited for two weeks at the National Capital Exhibition Hall in Canberra in late June 2019.

项目团队：

卓承学（George Zhuo) - 承象景观（CX Landscape) 创始人，墨尔本设计总监，澳大利亚注册景观师

彭晶  - 承象景观（CX Landscape) 布里斯班设计总监，澳大利亚注册景观师

赵艺栋（Simon Zhao) 建筑师/3D渲染师

董吉程（Daniel Dong) 建筑师

黄安妮（Annie Huang) 景观师

Design Team:

George Zhuo, Registered Landscape Architect, CX Landscape Founder and Design Director in Melbourne

Jing Peng, Registered Landscape Architect, CX Landscape Design Director in Brisbane

Simon (Yidong) Zhao, Architect/3D Visualiser

Danniel Dong, Architect

Annie Huang, Landscape Architect