哈德逊广场新地标：Vessel 巨型观景阶梯+平台

旨在打造新的公共空间和花园，哈德逊广场（Hudson Yards）开发项目是美国历史上最大的房地产项目之一，该项目正在将曼哈顿西区以前的铁路货场改造成一个全新的社区，占地超过5英亩，Vessel 是该项目开发中主要公共广场的核心，目前，项目已成为哈德逊广场及周边地区的一个地标：16层高的圆形攀爬架，有2465个台阶，80个观景平台，能将哈德逊河和曼哈顿的景色尽收眼底。

Vessel is a new type of public landmark – a 16-storey circular climbing frame, with 2,465 steps, 80 landings and views across the Hudson River and Manhattan. It is the central feature of the main public square in the Hudson Yards development, one of the largest real estate projects in American history, which is transforming a former rail yard in Manhattan’s West Side into a completely new neighbourhood, with more than five acres of new public spaces and gardens.

Heatherwick 工作室被要求为哈德逊广场的中心设计一个空间，吸引游客的同时在曼哈顿建立一个新的聚会场所。项目面临的挑战，是设计一个吸人眼球的空间的同时，不让周围的塔楼群或火车平台上方的新公共空间失去吸引力。为了探索不同的可能性，研究小组进行了仔细的研究：应该设计一个令人难忘的单个体量，而不是分散在整个空间中的一系列物体；与其设计一个用于观赏的艺术品，不如将其设计成一个社交的空间，以应鼓励人们的互动——这应该很有趣。

Heatherwick Studio was asked to design a centrepiece for Hudson Yards, something that would welcome visitors into the heart of the district and create a new place to meet in Manhattan. Part of the challenge was to create something memorable that would not be overwhelmed by the surrounding cluster of towers, or the scale of the new public space above the train platform. Exploring different possibilities, the team started to narrow the parameters: it should be a memorable single object, not a series of objects dispersed throughout the space; rather than an inert, static sculpture, it should be a social encounter, which encourages activity and participation – it should be fun.

▼方案推敲阶段

经验表明，在城市中，基本的基础设施通常很简单——例如楼梯，例如著名的罗马西班牙阶梯。工作室对此进行深入研究，探索了传统的印度阶梯井：它们具有错综复杂的石阶网络，因此当水库中的水位变化时，仍然可以接近水面。就像露天剧场一样，水是水井的中心，设计师们想创造一种既外向又内向的体验。

Looking at the places in cities where people naturally congregate, the underlying infrastructure is often simple – a staircase, for example, such as the famous Spanish Steps in Rome. Researching this typology further, the studio explored traditional Indian stepwells; these have an intricate network of stone stairs, so that as the water level in the reservoir changes, the surface is still accessible. However, like an amphitheatre, the focus of a well is its centre, and the studio wanted to create an experience that was outward as well as inward-looking.

通过在台阶之间打开空隙以创建三维网格，可以将公共广场向上拉伸，从而形成超过一英里的路线，并可以通过不同的方式进行探索。要创建具有154个相互连接的阶梯形楼梯的连续井架的几何图案，该对象必须是自支撑的，因此就需要一种谨慎的结构解决方案，尽量避免使用柱和梁：通过在每对楼梯之间插入钢脊柱，在“上”和“下”之间形成自然分隔，可以解决此问题。暴露出这种结构的原始焊接钢，使物体更清晰，更完整，楼梯的下侧被深铜色调的金属包覆，色调就与周围的建筑区分开。

By opening up voids between the steps to create a threedimensional lattice, the public square could be stretched upwards, creating more than a mile of routes that could be explored in different ways. To create the continuous geometric pattern of the stepwell, with 154 interconnecting flights of stairs, the object had to be self-supporting – a discreet structural solution was required, which did not need additional columns and beams. This was resolved by inserting a steel spine between each pair of staircases, creating a natural division between ‘up’ and ‘down’. The raw welded steel of this structure is exposed to give the object clarity and integrity, and the underside of the staircases is clad in a deep copper-toned metal, setting them apart from the surrounding architecture.

Vessel的每个部件都是定制的，从接头到扶手。这75个巨大的钢构件是由专业制造商西莫莱（Cimolai）在威尼斯生产的，然后分6批从意大利运来，用驳船运过哈德逊河，在现场组装，整个过程耗时3年。然而，尽管项目的体积很大，但它的设计还是符合人类的尺度，供游客攀爬、探索和欣赏——一个简单的构造，由人们和下面广场的倒影构成。

Every element of the Vessel is bespoke, from the joints to the handrails. The 75 huge steel components were produced in Venice by specialist fabricator Cimolai, before being brought from Italy in six shipments, carried across the Hudson River by barge, and assembled on site in a process that took three years. Yet despite the size of the Vessel, it has been designed at a human scale, to be climbed, explored and enjoyed by New Yorkers and visitors – a simple structure, animated by people and the reflections of the square beneath.

▼顶视平面图

▼底层平面图

▼剖面图

▼立面图

▼单元分解

设计单位：Heatherwick Studio

项目名称：Vessel

地点：哈德逊广场，美国纽约

完工日期：2019年3月

面积/高度：2,210平方米/45.7米

设计总监：Thomas Heatherwick

小组组长：斯图尔特•伍德

项目负责人：劳伦斯•杜德尼

项目团队：Charlotte Bovis, Einar Blixhavn, Antoine van Erp, Felipe Escudero, Thomas Farmer, Steven Howson, Jessica In, Nilufer Kocabas, Panagiota Kotsovinou, Barbara Lavickova, Alexander Laing, Elli Liverakou, Pippa Murphy, Luke Plumbley, Ivan Ucros Polley, Daniel Portilla, Jeff Powers, Matthew Pratt,  Peter Romvári, Ville Saarikoski, Takashi Tsurumaki

设计工程师：AKTII

结构工程师：Thornton Tomasetti

景观设计师：Nelson Byrd Woltz 

钢铁承包商：Cimolai 

电梯承包商：Cimolai Technologies

砌面板承包商：Permasteelisa

人群分析：ARUP

照明设计师：L’Observatoire International

项目管理：Tisham

Project Name Vessel

Location Hudson Yards, New York

Completion date March 2019

Area / height 2,210 square metres / 45.7 metres 

Designed by Heatherwick Studio

Design Director Thomas Heatherwick

Group Leader Stuart Wood

Project Leader Laurence Dudeney 

Project team Charlotte Bovis, Einar Blixhavn, Antoine van Erp, Felipe Escudero, Thomas Farmer, Steven Howson, Jessica In, Nilufer Kocabas, Panagiota Kotsovinou, Barbara Lavickova, Alexander Laing, Elli Liverakou, Pippa Murphy, Luke Plumbley, Ivan Ucros Polley, Daniel Portilla, Jeff Powers, Matthew Pratt,  Peter Romvári, Ville Saarikoski, Takashi Tsurumaki

Client Related, Oxford Properties Group

Design Engineers AKTII 

Structural Engineers Thornton Tomasetti

Landscape Architects Nelson Byrd Woltz 

Architect of Record KPF Associates 

Steel Contractor Cimolai 

Lift Contractor Cimolai Technologies 

Cladding Contractor Permasteelisa 

Crowd Analysis ARUP 

Lighting Designers L’Observatoire International 

Project Management Tisham