桂林乡谣里二期知青民宿改造

公司：	易栖建筑	类型：	建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	民宿客栈

设计是对既有矛盾的克服。我们试图在每个项目里重塑场地原本的感觉，还原给每个进入的人，这里的一草一木。

“人类、动物、树木，当然还有每个项目当中都有一种独特的性质，它总是通过一定的方式被物质化，并且如果我们愿意，它可以比我们所使用的细部和语言更为突出。”

- 若昂·路易斯·卡里略·达·格拉萨

Design is about overcoming existing contradictions. In each project, we attempt to recreate the original feeling of the site and restore every single tree here for someone who enters.

Human beings, animals, and trees, and, of course, each project has a unique nature. It is always materialized in certain ways, and, if we wish, it can stand out more prominently than the details and languages we use.

-Joao Luis Carrillo da Graca

▽项目航拍及远山a aerial view of the project with distant mountains inside

01.项目背景

01.project background

乡谣里二期知青民宿改造项目位于广西桂林市雁山区的河谷盘地，地势平坦，远处岩溶峰林清晰可见。距离桂林两江国际机场40公里, 距离桂林站20公里，距离阳朔县60公里，临近桂林绕城高速出入口，驾车到达极其方便。

乡遥里包含大片柑桔园，一期新中式民宿位于奇峰河弯道，与二期知青民宿遥相呼应。基于盘活现有良丰农场的土地资源、扶持乡村田园综合体发展的政策背景，业主希望通过扩大一期民宿规模，丰富体验内容，打造独具特色的乡村文旅度假目的地。

The Xiangyaoli hostel renovation project is located in the river valley basin in Yanshan District, Guilin City, Guangxi. The terrain here is flat, and the karst mountain in the distance are visible. It is 40 kilometers away from Guilin Liangjiang International Airport, 20 kilometers from Guilin Railway Station, and 60 kilometers from Yangshuo County. It is close to the entrance of the Guilin Ring Expressway, making it extremely convenient to reach by car.

There is a large citrus orchard. The first-phase new Chinese-style hostel is situated at the bend of Qifeng River. Against the policy backdrop of revitalizing the existing land resources of Liangfeng Farm and supporting the development of rural pastoral complexes, the owner hopes to expand the scale of the first-phase hostel, enrich the experiential content, and create a distinctive rural cultural tourism and vacation destination.

▽场地原貌original aerial view of the site

基地前身是建于上世纪的国有良丰农场，坐落于一大片平坦的柑桔园中。现状保留了当年知青时期的宿舍生活区，呈一街两巷多院的空间肌理。一条东西向混凝土车道将场地一分为二，形成南北两个生活组团。两个生活组团由巷道贯穿，连接植被丰富的生活小院。基地西北侧以开阔的柑桔园为主，可远眺绕城高速与新建游乐园。基地东南侧密林内有乡间小溪蜿蜒而下，生长着大片具有本土特色的高大植被，家禽在此戏水。

基地内部保留有上世纪知青时期建设的木桁架礼堂，平房宿舍和本世纪临时搭建的仓储小楼。长期闲置荒废使得礼堂和宿舍均有不同程度的塌陷, 成为茂密杂木及蕨类植物的栖息之所。而当年种下的苗木，如今也已大树成林。参天大树与荒废的礼堂及宿舍有机融合。现场留存的标语口号、生产工具，时刻都能唤起昔日知青时期生活劳作的痕迹。

The predecessor of the site was the state-owned Liangfeng Farm built in the last century, which was located in a large and flat citrus orchard. The current situation retains the dormitory living area from the period of educated youth, presenting a spatial morphology of one street, two lanes and multiple courtyards. An east-west concrete driveway divides the site into two parts, forming two living groups in the north and south. The two living groups are penetrated by lanes, which connect the living courtyards rich in vegetation. The northwest side of the site is mainly occupied by open citrus orchards, from where the ring expressway and the newly built amusement park can be seen in the distance. In the dense woods on the southeast side of the site, a rural brook winds down, and there are large areas of tall indigenous plants growing there, where poultry playing in the water.

Inside the site, there remain a wooden truss auditorium, bungalow dormitories built during the period of educated youth in the last century, as well as a small storage building temporarily erected in this century. Due to long-term abandonment, both the auditorium and the dormitories have collapsed to varying degrees and have become habitats for trees and ferns. And the seedlings planted back have now grown up. The towering trees are organically integrated with the deserted auditorium and dormitories. The slogans and production tools left on the site can always evoke the traces of the life and work during the period of educated youth in the past.

▽现状巷道，建筑，大树及溪流Existing lanes, buildings, trees and stream

如何激发场地的知青文化价值和农场景观价值，如何在相对偏远的城郊实现文旅项目的引流，项目伊始设计团队就开始思考设计、建造到运营的完整路径，将知青民宿改造为主题文化与自然景观兼容的当代乡村文旅度假目的地典范，实现项目的可持续发展。

How to stimulate the value of the educated youth cultural and farmland landscape of the site, and how to attract tourists for the cultural and tourism project in a remote suburban area? Since the very beginning of the project, we have started to think about the solution from design, construction to operation. This project aims to be a model of contemporary rural cultural tourism and holiday destinations that are compatible with both themed culture and natural landscapes, so as to achieve the sustainable development.

02.现实矛盾

02.Realistic contradictions

有别于一期的新中式民宿，二期知青民宿改造计划依托山林环绕下的大片柑桔园，保留原有的农场肌理，调整建筑空间，整合公共区域，植入新的记忆锚点，以满足未来乡谣里项目运营的所有功能需求。因而在设计最初就制定了项目的总体设计策略: 1 . 梳理完形。根据现有组团肌理整合入口区、民宿区、活动区、营地区，形成完整的功能体验。2. 纳故营新。针灸式植入四大记忆锚点，形成传播途径的引流点。

Different from the new Chinese-style hostel in the first phase, the renovation plan for the educated youth hostel in the second phase relies on the existing situation, the large orange orchards surrounded by mountains and woods and the original texture of the farm. integrate the public areas, and implant new memory anchors to meet all the functional requirements for the future operation of the Xiangyaoli Project. Therefore, the overall design strategy for the project was formulated right at the beginning of the design:

1.Sorting and Completion. Integrate the entrance area, hostel area, activity area, and camping area according to the existing cluster texture to form a complete vacation experience.

2.Incorporating the Old and Creating the New. Implant four major memory anchors in an acupuncture-like manner to create attraction points to expand dissemination.

▽知青艺术馆、市集、创艺餐厅与树桥Educated Youth Art gallery, Market, creative restaurant and aerial tree bridge.

▽绵延屋顶与总体鸟瞰Continuous roof and overall aerial view

梳理完形

Sorting and Completion

将基地东北侧生产服务区改造为整个项目的迎宾入口区，使得外界对场地的影响减少到最低，保证住宿区的私密性。改道现状分隔场地的东西向生产干道，腾挪的空间与礼堂东侧密林溪流形成公共活动区，设置无边泳池、乐活花园、婚礼草坪等各多种类型的户外活动空间，为游客提供丰向的活动体验区。礼堂则被改造为创意餐厅，结合无边泳池与密林溪流滨水景观，打造自然野趣的滨水休闲餐饮场景。保留原有南北方向的街巷作为主要车行动线，连接公区与住宿区, 规避了车行与人行的交叉, 提升知青民宿区的空间完整性。

Transform the production service area on the northeast side of the site into the welcoming entrance area, minimizing the impact of the outside world on the site and ensuring the privacy of the accommodation area. Divert the existing east-west production arterial road that divides the site, and use the vacated space together with the dense woods and stream on the east side of the auditorium to form a public activity area. Set up various types of outdoor activity spaces such as infinity pools, lifestyle gardens, and wedding lawn to provide tourists with rich activity experience areas. The auditorium will be transformed into a creative restaurant. Combined with the waterfront landscape of the infinity pool, dense woods and stream, create a natural and wild waterfront leisure dining scene. Retain the original north-south streets as the main vehicle traffic routes to connect the public area and the accommodation area, avoiding the intersection of vehicle and pedestrian traffic and enhancing the spatial integrity of this project.

纳故营新

Incorporating the Old and Creating the New

放大场地核心资源：礼堂、密林、宿舍，成为三个记忆锚点：餐厅，树桥，屋顶。同时植入新的乡村艺术馆，与旧的传统大礼堂形成鲜明对比，形成二期知青民宿的四大打卡记忆点。

(1)知青艺术馆：将原来东北侧混凝土厂房改造为面向北侧绕城高速的知青艺术馆，采用玻璃幕墙形式, 成为高速公路往来的记忆灯塔和乡谣里精神堡垒。周围的现状混凝土建筑改造为接待中心及知青市集，与中央庭院水景一起成为知青文化艺术中心。

(1)创意餐厅：打开礼堂东侧观景面，设置无边泳池，连接竹林溪流，最大化餐厅的景观价值。

(3)空中树桥：有别于柑桔园的平地活动体验，我们希望借基地密林树冠的空中体验，给游客带来独特的空中漫步体验，既能穿梭于密林溪流，又能眺望到远处绵延的喀斯特山脉。

(4)绵延屋顶：原有宿舍由多排坡顶长屋组成。每排平房由一大一小的房屋组合，形成连续起伏的屋面。改造设计在保留原有屋顶的基础上，增加一层连续的坡面屋面，形成建筑二层的阁楼空间和庭院灰空间，与远处连绵不绝的山丘相映成趣。

Amplify the core resources of the site: the auditorium, the dense woods, and the dormitories, and turn them into three memory anchors: the restaurant, the tree bridge, and the roof. Meanwhile, implant a new rural art gallery, which will form a sharp contrast with the old traditional auditorium and thus create four memory points for the educated youth hostel.

(1) Educated Youth Art Gallery: Transform the original concrete factory building on the northeast side into an educated youth art gallery facing the northern ring expressway. Adopt the form of glass curtain wall to make it a memory lighthouse for the traffic on the expressway and a landmark of the Xiangyaoli. The surrounding existing concrete buildings will be transformed into a reception center and an educated youth market, and together with the central courtyard water feature, they will form an educated youth cultural and art center.

(2)Creative Restaurant: Open the viewing side on the east of the auditorium, design an infinity pool and connect it with the bamboo grove and stream to maximize the landscape value of the restaurant.

(3)Aerial Tree Bridge: Different from the flat ground activity experience in the orange orchard, we hope to take advantage of the aerial experience above the crowns of the dense woods on the site to bring tourists a unique experience of walking in the air. They can not only shuttle through the woods and stream but also overlook the stretching karst mountains in the distance.

(4)Continuous Roof: The original dormitories consisted of multiple rows of long house with sloping roofs. Each row of the building was composed of one large and one small house. In the renovation design, on the basis of retaining the original roofs, an additional continuous sloping roof will be added to form the attic space on the second floor of the building and the gray space of the courtyard, which metaphorically resembles the continuous hills in the distance.

▽民宿客房区实景the accommodation area

对于场地本身有着特色丰富、可挖掘的改造项目，“新”的置入方式及比例一直是我们在探寻的点。

针对第一版设计方案当中知青艺术馆、空中树桥、绵延屋顶等直截了当的形式对比之下的“新”，很快在业主的预算压缩下进行了妥协: 知青艺术馆、空中树桥和绵延屋顶均因预算控制被取消。取而代之的我们需要探寻在地性更强的第二版设计方案: 东北侧入口迎宾区调整为农业研学区；保留现状东西向干道; 南侧礼堂及密林区调整为配套餐饮与营地中心。形式语言上，建筑完全回归到双坡顶的民居建筑样式，更多农耕景观元素被运用到院落挡墙及节点空间，体现知青时期的生活意象。

之后业主经过多次调整项目定位，大幅度缩减工程预算，使得项目改造范围不断压缩。等到设计方案定稿的时候，已经是极低预算的乡村文改造项目。因而在项目低预算条件下，每一处变动都变得弥足宝贵。如何发挥现状资源的最大价值，便成为重中之重。于是我们决定顺势而为，将礼堂改造为接待中心，放大场地那棵树、那片林，让游客的活动自然发生。最初设想的“新”符号被“老”符号替代，场地原有的特殊符号，礼堂及院落内每棵大树，最终成为知青民宿改造新的记忆锚点。

There are renovation projects with rich and exploitable features on the site itself, and the way of insertion and its proportion of the new design have always been the points we are exploring.

In contrast to the straightforward forms such as the Educated Youth Art Gallery, the aerial tree bridge and the continuous roof in the first version of the design plan, the "newness" was quickly compromised under the owner's budget cut: they were all canceled. Instead, we needed to explore the second version of the design plan with a stronger sense of locality: the welcoming entrance area on the northeast side was adjusted to the agricultural research and learning area; the existing east-west arterial road was retained; the auditorium and the dense woods area on the south side were adjusted to a supporting catering and camp center. In terms of formal language, the architecture completely returned to the style of residential buildings with double-sloping roofs, and more farming landscape elements were applied to the courtyard retaining walls and nodal spaces to reflect the living imagery of the Educated Youth period.

After that, the owner adjusted the project positioning many times and drastically reduced the project budget, resulting in the continuous compression of the project renovation scope. By the time the design plan was finalized, it had become a rural cultural renovation project with an extremely low budget. Therefore, under the condition of the low budget of the project, every change became extremely precious. How to maximize the value of the existing resources has become the top priority. So we decided to follow the trend, transform the auditorium into a reception center, and magnify that tree on the site to let tourists' activities occur naturally. The initially envisioned "new" symbols were replaced by "old" symbols. The original special symbols on the site, the auditorium and each big tree in the courtyard, eventually became the new memory anchors for the renovation of the Educated Youth hostel.

▽最终总平面final master plan

▽最终大剖面final section

最终设计方案的调整，充分利用原有肌理及现场资源，每一棵树都变得极其珍贵。利用原有生产干道作为民宿到达动线，修整毗邻干道的礼堂区域，用铺装重新界定，形成接待中心区，串联南北两块片区。布置停车位于接待中心旁，完善民宿车行到达流线。场地内部以人行动线为主，延续原有建筑肌理，公社民宿两两成组，围合出多个生活内院，形成农场民宿肌理，营造鸡犬相闻的氛围意境。在原有的营地活动区设置篝火草坪，为各类团体活动提供聚会场地。与竹林溪流间布置的人行栈道相连，体验自然茂林的生活气息。

The adjustments to the final design plan make full use of the original texture and on-site resources, making every tree extremely precious. The original production arterial road is utilized as the access route for the hostel. The auditorium area adjacent to the arterial road is renovated and redefined by pavement to form the reception center, which connects the two areas in the north and south. Parking spaces are arranged beside the reception center to improve the vehicular access flow of the hostel. Inside the site, the pedestrian flow are mainly emphasized. The original architectural texture is continued. The commune dormitories are grouped in pairs, enclosing multiple inner living courtyards to form the texture of the farm dormitories and create an atmosphere where the crowing of cocks and the barking of dogs can be heard. A bonfire lawn is set up in the original camp activity area to provide a gathering place for various group activities. It is connected with the pedestrian plank roads arranged among the bamboo grove and streams, allowing people to experience the living atmosphere of the lush natural woods.

▽接待中心入口 entrance of the reception center

▽接待中心鸟瞰a aerial view of the reception center

老宿舍，红砖墙，绿透望，光折叠，最终方案以“知青”宿舍、红砖礼堂、参天大树、茂林溪流的斑驳光影作为项目记忆点。也许就是那些富有生命力的湛蓝和绿意，感官重新变得敏锐，为游客体验一场与田园和村落的亲密约会，由此产生新的记忆。

The old dormitories feature red brick walls and green woods surrounding, where the light seems to fold in an artistic way. The final plan for the project focuses on the mottled light and shadow of the "educated youth" dormitories, red brick auditoriums, as well as the towering trees and the lush woods with flowing streams, making them the highlights that leave a lasting impression on people. Perhaps it's the vibrant hues of blue and green that rejuvenate people's senses, allowing tourists to enjoy an intimate rendezvous with the idyllic countryside and charming villages, and thereby creating brand-new memories.

03.设计缩影

Design brief

接待中心

The reception center

接待中心原是一处废弃礼堂，处于生产干道旁，到达便捷。简单修整接待中心北侧入口场地，拆除原有摆放农具器械的临时工棚，预留足够的集散场地，形成迎宾广场。由于现场植被情况较好，绿意盎然，建筑立面材料也选用最具有当年红色记忆的红砖，与周围绿意盎然的植被形成鲜明对比。结合独具特色的烟囱造型，使得接待中心在整个项目当中独具辨识度和记忆点。

The reception center used to be an abandoned auditorium, located beside the main production road, which is quite convenient to reach. We made a simple refurbishment of the place at the northern entrance of the reception center and removed the temporary shed that was originally used for placing farm tools and machinery. Sufficient space for gathering and dispersing was reserved in front of the reception center to form a welcoming square.

Due to the good condition of the vegetation on site, red bricks are also chosen as the materials for the building facade, in order to evoke the red memories of that era. This creates a sharp contrast with the lush greenery around. Combined with the unique chimney design, the reception center has its own distinctiveness and memorable features throughout the entire project.

▽接待中心北侧入口the northern entrance of the reception center

▽接待中心南侧内院inner courtyard on the south side

接待中心东侧原有大片长势良好的竹林，在桂林烈日下，这里的清凉和宁静格外的特别。我们在保留整体造型的同时，打开东侧墙体，形成感受竹林的灰空间，也是对东侧竹林最好的框景。立面造型上结合落地窗设计凹凸的红砖构成细部，创造出新的细节感受。

There used to be a large area of bamboo forest in good growth condition on the east side of the reception center. Under the scorching sun in Guilin, the coolness and tranquility here were particularly special. While retaining the overall shape, we opened up the eastern wall to create a gray space where people could experience the bamboo groove. It also served as the best framed view of the bamboo groove on the east side. In terms of the facade design, the concave and convex red bricks combined with the floor-to-ceiling windows were used to form details, creating a new sense of detail.

▽改造前后礼堂航拍aerial view of the auditorium before and after renovation

▽礼堂细部detail of the auditorium

▽改造前后入口航拍aerial view of the entrance

▽接待中心烟囱造型the chimney design of the reception center

▽接待中心入口 entrance of the reception center

接待中心南侧内院的大树得以全部保留。为了充分展现大树的生命力、红砖和竹林的色彩及质感对比，景观仅做最简单通行功能的青石板铺地，四周围合的朴素建筑材质，衬托内院大树的生命力。

All the big trees in the inner courtyard on the south side of the reception center have been preserved. In order to fully display the vitality of the big trees and the contrast in color and texture among the red bricks and the bamboo groove, the landscape only features the simplest bluestone slab paving for the function of passage. The plain building materials surrounding the courtyard set off the vitality of the big trees in the inner courtyard.

▽接待中心室内the interior of the reception center

党史教育楼

Building for Party History Education

党史教育楼延续接待中心的立面红砖材料，青瓦屋面、红砖外墙与青葱草坪形成显著对比, 恬静而又质朴, 为游客提供有风的草坪。

The building for Party history education continues to use the red brick material of the facade of the reception center. With its gray tile roof and red brick exterior walls forming a striking contrast against the lush green lawn, it presents a serene and rustic charm, providing tourists with a lawn where they can enjoy the gentle breeze.

▽党史教育楼Building for Party History Education

▽党史教育楼南北立面The north and south facades of the Building for Party History Education

▽党史教育楼Building for Party History Education

院落民宿

Courtyard accommodation

院落中的大树也是体现当年记忆的重要元素，全部加以保留。原始宿舍由大小两排长屋组合，每排建筑间留有一片活动空间。基于保留原始宿舍肌理的原则，我们整合每栋宿舍，仅保留北侧大面积住宿建筑，扩大前院空间。房前挑出的屋檐形成遮风挡雨的连廊。改造后的公社民宿，两两围合，围树造园，形成小满院、谷雨院、芒种院等多个节气小院。两两组合的民宿小院，为团队活动提供独立的活动空间。

The big trees in the courtyard are also important elements that embody the memories of the past, and all of them have been preserved. The original dormitories were composed of two long rows of houses, large and small, with an open activity area left between each row of buildings. Based on the principle of retaining the original texture of the dormitories, we integrated each dormitory building and only retained the large accommodation building on the north side, thus expanding the space of the front yard. The eaves protruding in front of the houses form a covered corridor that can shield from wind and rain. After the renovation, the commune hostel are enclosed in pairs, with gardens created around the trees, forming multiple solar term courtyards such as the Lesser Fullness of Grain Courtyard, the Grain Rain Courtyard, and the Grain in Ear Courtyard. The paired hostel courtyards provide independent activity spaces for team activities.

▽院落民宿鸟瞰aerial view of the courtyard accommodation

原有的巷道给我们留下深刻印象，一排排宿舍楼与院落的巨大树冠交织在在一起，充满了田间生活感。我们保留场地原有的街巷及院落空间结构，延续院落民宿的精神内核。我们保留现状宿舍的院落空间肌理，带领游客体验知青时期宿舍生活。

The original lanes left a deep impression on us. Rows of dormitory buildings intertwined with the huge crowns of the trees in the courtyards, full of the flavor of rural life. We have retained the original street and alley as well as the spatial structure of the courtyards on the site and continued the spiritual core of the courtyard hostel. We have also preserved the spatial texture of the courtyard of the existing dormitories to lead tourists to experience the dormitory life during the Educated Youth period.

▽改造前后巷道lanes before and after renovation

▽民宿巷道hostel lane

▽民宿院落hostel courtyard

▽民宿细部detail of the accommodation building

▽民宿院落hostel courtyard

▽民宿hostel

▽民宿室内the interior of the hostel

05.结语

conclusion

乡谣里二期知青民宿改造项目从设计到建造，正值国内疫情期间，其中也有不少遗憾和惊喜。遗憾的是设计从最初的多投入、强输出，设计知青艺术馆、创意餐厅、空中树桥和绵延屋顶，到最终的少投入、少介入，只保留接待中心，我们对于项目引流点的界定也进行相应调整。少了设计的强输出，引流点和传播力度显著下降。到了运营阶段，运营团队出于加强一期及田间互动的考虑，取消了二期设计的所有户外主题场景，将创意餐厅调整为接待中心，因此二期项目稍显单薄。惊喜的是，少介入的成果，例如保留的大树、人群自发的草坪活动，让我们反而发现低成本预算的多种可能。一个文旅项目可以从不同角度挖掘内核及可能为其定调，但后续运营与发展推广的重视程度更加决定了项目的发展长远。

另外，在设计初期多次尝试的不同形式及比例的“新”的介入，也让我们重新思考怎么让造访者“身临其境”般感受到空间所塑造的当年日常。巷道加院落的原始结构是贯通时间的根本，红砖，烟囱，大树，是唤起回忆的元素。有限造价下，充分利用在地性，将已有的场所精神发挥到极致，也许是让项目焕发荣光的最佳途径之一。

The renovation project of the Educated Youth hostel in the second phase of Xiangyaoli was carried out during the domestic epidemic period, from design to construction. There were quite a number of regrets and surprises during this process.

Regrettably, in terms of design, it evolved from the initial plan of heavy investment and strong output, which included the design of the Educated Youth Art gallery, creative restaurant, aerial tree bridge and continuous roofs, to the final plan of less investment and minimal intervention, with only the reception center retained. Correspondingly, our definition of the project's attracting points was also adjusted. With less design output, the attracting points and the dissemination power decreased significantly. When it came to the operation stage, the operation team, considering strengthening the interaction between the first phase and the rural areas, canceled all the outdoor theme scenes designed for the second phase and adjusted the creative restaurant to be a reception center. As a result, the second phase project seemed a bit weak.

On the other hand, there were surprises. The results of minimal intervention, such as the preserved big trees and the spontaneous lawn activities among people, made us discover various possibilities within a low budget instead. A cultural and tourism project can explore its core and set its tone from different perspectives. However, the degree of emphasis placed on subsequent operation, development and promotion plays a more decisive role in the long-term development of the project.

In addition, the various forms and proportions of "new" interventions that were repeatedly attempted in the early design stage also made us rethink how to enable visitors to feel the daily life of that time as if they were personally on the scene. The original structure of lanes and courtyards is the fundamental element that connects different times. Red bricks, chimneys and big trees are the elements that evoke memories. Under the condition of limited construction costs, making full use of the local characteristics and bringing the existing spirit of the place into full play may be one of the best ways to make the project shine again.

▽民宿院落hostel courtyard