莫罗奇科Estancia家庭住宅

莫罗奇科牧场位于阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚大陆，与智利交界的南部。它的历史与该地区第一批殖民者的传奇故事交织在一起。19世纪末，一位苏格兰移民从福克兰群岛来到这里，和其他许多人一样，通过智利的蓬塔阿雷纳斯市进入阿根廷大陆。在上个世纪初，他在著名的 "grand arreo "中发挥了重要作用，在此期间，5000只羊被带到了2000多公里外的湿潘帕托（wetpampato），在政府授予殖民者的大片土地上定居。

The Morro Chico Ranch is located within continental Argentinian Patagonia, at the southern border with Chile. Its history is mixed up with the saga of the first colonists in the region. It was founded by a Scottish immigrant who arrived from the Falkland Islands at the end of the 19th century, and came into the continent — as so many others did — through the Chilean city of Punta Arenas. At the beginning of the last century, he played a major role in the famous “gran arreo”, during which 5,000 sheep were brought more than 2,000 kilometres across the wetpampato settle the vast swathes of land that the government had granted to the colonists.

一个世纪后，同一个苏格兰家庭的后裔与一个雄心勃勃的项目联系在一起，旨在完成和翻新该遗址的设施。有许多目标：保护自然遗产，创造可持续的建筑，建立最好的肉类和羊毛生产，并改善那些生活和工作在那里的人的生活。为了实现这一目标，项目的总体规划已经制定，工程从2015年开始，到2019年结束。其中包括新的建筑，如一个剪羊毛的模型棚（位于牧场几公里外），一个用于存放机器和一般仓库的库房，一栋用于员工住宿的建筑和一栋家庭住宅。现有的大部分建筑（除了那些非常糟糕的建筑外）都被重新使用，以满足居民和客人的需求。

A century later, descendants of the same Scottish family are linked to an ambitious project aiming to complete and renovate the installations of the site. There were many objectives: to preserve the natural heritage, create sustainable construction, establish the best production of meat and wool, and to improve the life of those who lived and worked there. To achieve this, a master plan for the project was drawn up, with works starting in 2015 and finishing in 2019. These included new construction such as a model sheep-shearing shed (located a few kilometres from the ranch), a depot for storing the machinery and for general storage, a building for staff accommodation and a family house. Most of the existing buildings (with the exception of those in a very poor state) were re-used to fulfil the needs of the residents and guests.

之前的剪羊棚及其相关建筑构成了一个独特的区域，经过修复后，保留了其原有的特点。它仍然在使用，并展示了该地区的历史。其中一个显著的改进是引进了生产清洁和可再生能源的系统。这是通过引进太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机，以及使用周围森林中的木材来烧木头的锅炉来实现的。这台机器由瓶装天然气作为部分燃料，取代了以前使用邻近资源Río Turbio的木炭。该综合体的布局是基于一个紧凑的村庄模型，该地区的牧场的特点，其中的实用建筑和住宿区集中在一起，以防止气候的严酷，并创造在巴塔哥尼亚沙漠中舒适的地方。

The former sheep-shearing shed and its associated buildings, which made up a distinct zone, were restored in a way that retained their original character. It is still being used, and demonstrates the history of the region. One of the notable improvements was the introduction of systems to produce clean and renewable energy. This was achieved by the introduction of solar panels and wind turbines, as well as by using a wood-burning boiler using wood from the surrounding forests. This machine is partfuelled by bottled gas, replacing the former use of charcoal from the neighbouring resources of Río Turbio. The layout of the complex is based on the model of a compact village, characteristic of the ranches of the region, where the utilitarian buildings and accommodation blocks are grouped together for protection against the rigours of the climate and to create places that are comfortable in the Patagonian desert.

使用预制木头和金属，用波纹铁皮包覆的建筑体系与该地区的开拓者所使用的建筑体系并无太大差别，同样解决了当时物流和当地资源匮乏的问题。建筑必须按照提出的能源概念来进行。正因为如此，不管是新建的还是现有的供暖建筑，都进行了保温处理。所有的建筑都用同样的波纹板覆盖，彼此看起来是一样的，这就统一了整个场地的外观方面。

The system of construction using prefabricated wood and metal, clad with corrugated iron, is not very different from that used by the pioneers of the region, and addresses the same problems of logistics and the scarcity of local resources that existed at that time. The building had to be carried out in accordance with the proposed energy concept. Because of this, the heated buildings, whether new or existing, were insulated. All were covered with the same corrugated sheets and looked the same as each other, which unified the exterior aspect of the whole site.

该项目的总体美学设计灵感来自于该地区的传统建筑，在巴塔哥尼亚沙漠的巨大范围内展现出极端的严谨和近乎原始的简洁。根据不同建筑的功能和特点，整个建筑的每个部分的建筑语言都在波纹屋顶的棚屋主题上发展了明确的变化。有简单的形式，如剪羊毛的棚子，也有其他更复杂的形式，如家庭房屋。

The general aesthetics of the project were inspired by the traditional architecture of the region, which demonstrated extreme austerity and an almost primitive simplicity, introduced into the immensity of the Patagonian desert. The architectural language of each part of the whole developed well-defined variations on the theme of sheds with corrugated roofs, according to the function and character of the different constructions. There are simple forms like that of the sheep-shearing shed, and other, more complex forms like that of the family house.

除了这些定义明确的变化之外，所使用的材料也形成了鲜明的对比，内部主要是温暖的木头（在外部可以看到不同数量的木头），而外部则是坚硬的铁皮波纹。木头数量最多的是家庭住宅，随着建筑的实用性越来越强，木头数量逐渐减少，直到剪羊毛的棚子里完全消失。

Alongside these well-defined variations were contrasts in the materials used, between the warmth of the wood which is predominant inside (and which can be seen outside in differing amounts) and the hardness of the corrugated iron which characterises the exterior aspect. The largest amount of wood is in the family house, and there is progressively less as the buildings become more utilitarian, until it disappears completely in the sheep-shearing shed.

Project: Estancia Morro Chico - Vivienda Familiar

Design firm: RDR arquitectos

Program: Family House

Status: Built

Location: Argentina, RN 40, Santa Cruz

Year: 2017 - 2019

Client: Private

Team Lausanne: Ignacio Dahl Rocha, Santiago Pagés

Team Buenos Aires: Bruno Emmer, Facundo Morando, Susana Barra, Roberto Lombardi, Pablo Peirano, Sofía Vivacqua, Lucas Maschwitz, María Santarelli, Clara Carrera, Agustín Azar, Martina Barra, Santiago Rigoli, Federico Bonessi, Vanik Margossian, Lucía Iglesias, Facundo Burgos, Tomás Perez Amenta, Matías Nola. 

Contractor: Enobra SA

Structural Engineer: Ing. Alejandra Fogel

Sanitary Engineer: LAH - Luis Huailla

Electrical Engineer: Alejandra Fogel

Landscape Architect: Cristóbal Elgueta, Macarena Calvo

Others Consultants: Dante Melano, Rafael Oliva (energías renovables), Frisia SA Climatizaciones (termomecánica), Estia (eficiencia energética), Sursolar (Energías Renovables)

Photo Credits: Cristobal Palma