西班牙 Garcimuñoz 城堡翻新项目

公司：	Izaskun Chinchilla	类型：	艺术 \| 景观
地区：	西班牙	标签：	艺术装置 \| 建筑改造

位于西班牙Cuenca的Garcimuñoz城堡的整修项目是一项复杂工作，项目整合了阿拉伯、中世纪和新古典主义时期的现有遗址群，也包含了新的建筑和创新的使用，包括一个媒体库。大多数研究和创新工作侧重于建筑在能源、区域内文化活动、社会参与和财务上的可持续性。

The Refurbishment of the Garcimuñoz Casttle (Cuenca, Spain) is a project that consolidates a complex existing group of ruins coming from Arab, Medieval and Neoclassicism times (centuries X to XVIII). It also incorporates new architecture with a innovative use consisting on a Media Library. Most research and innovation efforts are focus on achieving a sustainable maintenance of the building in terms of energy, cultural activity within the region, social engagement and finance.

新的干预措施的主要内容是改造一个覆盖着摩尔人城堡以及一个能够使用旧武器的庭院的平台，其设计充分考虑了生物气候因素。这个平台由两层组成，上面是钢格子板，下面是玻璃做的。冬季，玻璃能使气温升高，这种通过自然光而使温度自然的上升，能够避免由温差引起的破坏。夏天，45个太阳能风道可以保证足够的通风，太阳烟囱的玻璃高度为3.45 m，安装在盖子上。他们不只是一个个风道，更是在上面展示物体的橱柜。这个烟囱的顶上有个小天窗，可以打开。夏天，太阳把烟囱里的空气加热，让它往上流，把空气从低处抽走。

The major element of the new intervention, the platform covering the Moorish citadel and enabling the use of the old Weapon courtyard has been fully designed taking bioclimatism into consideration. The platform is composed by two layers, being the upper one made out of steel grid and the lower one of glass. The glass cover produces an increase of the temperature during the winter. This spontaneous increment of the temperature is crucial to avoid damage in the archaeology caused by minus cero temperatures. During the summer forty five solar chimneys will ensure abundant ventilation. The solar chimneys are glass volumes of 3.45m high placed over the cover. They are not only solar chimneys but display cabinets to exhibit objects on the upper level. The top piece of the chimneys is a small skylight that can be opened. During summer, the sun heats the air in the chimney and makes it flows up extracting the air from the lower level.

各种用途、建筑的不同时期、部分被拆除、挖掘不可见的旧层、保护状况差，这些因素的组合使游客很难去理解什么时真正的遗址。改建的项目是轻巧的，试图与原来的建筑区别开来，它不像一个建筑物，而是由行人天桥，平台，楼梯和栏杆组成的合集。建筑的各个部分都试图把不同的历史时期分隔开来，把那些从未想过一起看的建筑景观分隔开来。

The combination of different uses, different periods of construction, partial demolishment, digging up of old non visible stratus and a poor state of conservation makes quite hard for visitors to interpret the actual ruins. The new architecture is light, seeks to distinguish itself from the pre-existing edifice and is not so much a building as an ensemble of footbridges, platforms, stairs and rails. The location of its elements tries to separate different periods of History and to isolate the vision of the architectures that were never thought to be seen together.

就像我们之前提到的，城堡的用途很多。因为我国法律规定遗产必须“永久”保护，所以我们可以推测未来遗址的各种用途仍将继续。所以这个新建筑被理解为一个临时用途，全部技术细节设计成可完全折叠的建筑，这是一种暗示，新建筑与旧建筑完全不同，但是对它们未来的保护和利用是值得尊重和理性的。

As we have already mentioned, the Castle has had many different uses. As our laws force to the preservation of heritage ‘forever’, we could presume different future uses for buildings are still to come. The new architecture is, for this reason, understood as a temporary occupation. All technical details have been designed so that the building is fully collapsible. This fact is one of the clues to consider the new architecture fully different from the old one but respectful and sensible with its future conservation and use.

资源少，用户流量不稳定，这两者共同制约了所有决策。这样，干预的能耗区域就被减到了最低。媒体库项目已经安排了许多户外区域，以便在温和天气和最多公众访问的情况下，提供广阔的空间。

The combination of few resources and the fluctuating flow of users have actively conditioned all decisions. For that reason, the energy consuming area of the intervention has been minimized. The Media Library program has been organized with plenty of outdoor areas so that when weather is mild and public visits are the greatest extensive spaces are available.

数百年来，地中海地区的所有居民都喜欢在户外生活，尤其是在天黑以后，这个项目试图维持甚至恢复这些传统。主要用于夏日夜晚的户外电影院，也是为了保持一种聚会文化，并在晚上的第一个小时提供公共活动。在这几个小时里，人们谈论、讲述故事，以此作为电影的先例，讲述地中海文化产生的重要里程碑。

During centuries in all the summer months, all of the inhabitants of Mediterranean regions have enjoyed the outdoor life, particularly after dark, the project tries to maintain and even recover these traditions. The introduction of the outdoor cinema, to be used principally in summer nights, looks also to preserve a culture of meeting and to provide with public activities the first hours of the nights. Typical activities of these hours have been conversation, storytelling, trips narration that can be considered the precedent of cinema and important landmarks of Mediterranean cultural production.

目前西班牙甚至是整个欧洲都没有对城堡进行改造。而引进数字技术是该项目的重要组成部分，根据西班牙公共工作部长的说法，该项目提供了一个样本，以了解数字技术的创新应用如何为这座孤立的城堡带来新的机会。我们希望，这个独特的几何形状、新建筑的种子，将成为一个更大的策略，使我们能够以可持续的方式保护过去的遗产，同时创造出一个结合了过去和现在的未来的遗产。

At the moment there is no Castle both in Spain and in Europe that has been refurbished introducing digital technologies as an important part of program. The opinion of the Spanish Minister of Public Work is that this project offers a test on how innovative uses of digital technologies can give new opportunities to isolated Castles. We hope that the uniqueness of the program, of the geometries, of the new architecture is the seed for a bigger strategy on how to keep the heritage of the past in a sustainable way while creating a heritage for the future joining old and present times.