简约大方：联合国教科文世界遗产地 Kinderdijk 游客中心

公司：	M& DB architecten	类型：	建筑
地区：	荷兰	标签：	滨水空间 \| 文化空间

Kinderjk是荷兰风车景观的典型例子。1997年，这个由风车组成的景观被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产。突然，Kinderdijk被满载游客的大巴淹没，将该地区变成了后勤噩梦。入口区变成了旅游巴士的停车场，摇摇欲坠的小滑冰会所被改造成了临时纪念品商店，狭窄的码头上挤满了一排排厕所小屋。一夜之间，风车消失在一堵杂乱的墙后面。

Kinderijk is the prime example of a Dutch windmill landscape. In 1997, the landscape’s ensemble of mills and pumping stations was declared a Unesco World Heritage Site. Suddenly Kinderdijk was overrun by busloads of tourists turning the area into a logistical nightmare. The entrance area was turned into a parking lot for tourbuses, the little ramshackle iceskating clubhouse was converted into a provisional souvenir shop and the narrow quays filled up with rows of potable toilet cabins. Overnight the windmills had disappeared behind a wall of clutter.

©Ossip van

而如今该地区通过一系列具有战略意义措施进行调整，旨在改善景区混乱不堪的现象，公共汽车被禁止驶入车站，而只能开到景区的边缘；新的游客中心取代了混乱的滑冰会所，一半位于水上和陆地上，恢复了沿码头延伸的视野。游客中心的巧妙设计将不同的游客流分开。再一次，就像90年代初一样，游客们在抵达时就可以看到风车与Kinderdijk的标志。

Today, the area is accessed by a sequence of strategically positioned bridges, paths and visitor facilities. The buses are banned to the stop & go on the edge of the area. Instead of the clubhouse, the new Visitor Center is positioned half on water and land restoring the long visual line running along the quay. The Visitor Center’s clever design unbundles the different visitor flows and its subtle architectural language restores the landscape’s identity. Again, as in the early nineties, the windmills - the icons of Kinder-dijk - can be seen on arrival.

©Ossip van

游客中心的特点是其体量的简单性：屋顶和地板之间有两个玻璃体量。一个包含抵达的设施，另一个满足参观结束的需要，由于这个简单的流线设计，不论是日本或是美国的所有游客都很容易使用这座建筑。

The Visitor Center is characterised by its apparent simplicity: a roof and floor with in-between two glass volumes. One volume contains facilities for arrival and the other volume caters to the end of the visit. Thanks to this simple design, the building is easily understood by all visitors, from Japan to America.

©Ossip van

游客中心就漂浮在码头上方，码头延伸到建筑物的下面，把它拉进了入口区，位于两个玻璃体量之间的中庭加强了这种关系。中庭使建筑朝向Kinderdijk最重要的两个景观元素：无处不在的水和巨大的荷兰天空。紧接着，中庭在码头和运河对岸的19世纪泵站之间创造了一个新的视觉轴线。从而将建筑嵌入到景观的空间逻辑中，强化景观的长视觉线条特征。

The Visitor Center floats just above the quay. The long line of the quay continues underneath the building, drawing it into the entrance area. This is reinforced by the atrium located between the two glass volumes. The atrium opens the building up towards the two most important landscape elements of Kinderdijk: its omnipresent water and immens Dutch sky. Next to this, the atrium creates a new visual axis between the quay and the 19th-century pumping station on the other side of the canal. Thereby embedding the building in the landscape’s spatial logic and reinforcing the landscape’s character of long visual lines.

©Ossip van

到达大厅的空间包括门票销售和一家小型水下电影院以及所有关参观的信息咨询点；负责参观结束后的空间体量则包括一家咖啡馆、一家纪念品商店以及地下室的厕所和厨房。通过将厕所和厨房放在地下，建筑的透明度得到了保护，占地面积和高度都可以最小化。

The arrival volume includes ticket sales and a small submerged cinema - with information about the visit. The departure volume contains a café, a souvenir shop and, in the basement, the toilets and kitchen. By placing the toilets and kitchen below ground the buildings transparency is preserved and its footprint and height minimised.

©Ossip van

位于两个体量之间的楼梯，是通往观景台的通道。在观景台上，参观者可以将Kinderdijk的全景尽收眼底。屋顶上的女儿墙起到了栏杆的作用，使游客的视线与通往磨坊的长长的码头保持一致。

A staircase, located in-between the two volumes, provides access to the viewing platform. From the viewing platform visitors have a panoramic view of Kinderdijk. This view is reinforced by the up turned façade of the roof. The up turned façade acts as a balustrade and aligns the visitors’ view with the long quay running towards the mills.