光影之屋：Shade House

生活在曼谷快速增长的城市人口和高楼大厦中，一个关键的问题被提出：我们如何调整自己，在这个快速变化的环境中和平地和私下地生活?在这样做的过程中，我们如何才能避免与大都市提供给我们的便利设施失去联系，以及与绿色空间失去联系?曼谷著名建筑公司AAd提出了一个替代设计方案来缓解这个城市住宅问题，自给自足，植入一个自然生态系统,计划成为城市生态学的一部分和下一代的住房解决方案。AAd主要通过弱化住宅的优越作用来解决问题，尽管增加了自然环境作为项目主角的重要性。

Living amidst the rapid growth of urban population and high rises in Bangkok, a critical question is raised: how can we adjust ourselves to live peacefully and privately in this speedily changed environment? In doing so, how can we avoid losing contact with the amenities that mega-city provides us and accessibility to the green space? A Bangkok-based well known architectural firm ,Ayutt and Associates design (AAd) proposes an alternative design solution to mitigate this urban-dwelling problematic issue by crafting a Shade House, a self-sustainable residence, implanted with an individual natural ecosystem that planned to become a part of a larger urban ecology and a solution for next generation of housing. Principally, AAd targets the issue by lessening the superior role of the house, though increasing the importance of natural surrounding as the main protagonist of this project.

一开始，这对热爱自然的夫妇拥有的遮阳房被规划为两层的私人住宅。这将导致它的功能几乎遍布整个场地。然而，为了尽可能减少占地面积，住宅被改造成三层，停车场分别位于前面。这一新策略有助于将绿地面积增加60%，是曼谷绿地法规最低要求的两倍。加上在房子的每个角落增加的口袋花园和绿色屋顶，整个房子的绿色空间提高到90%。等到植被完全生长并覆盖所有的立面时，绿化面积将比最初的场地大150%。因此，它将满足住宅业主和建筑师的原始意图——通过建立居住者和周围自然之间的终生交流，最大限度地提高对场地的自然景观感知，从而形成项目。

In the beginning, the Shade House, owned by a nature-loving couple, was planned to be a two-story private residence. This would cause its functions to spread out almost all over the entire site. However, with a plan to create the least footprint as possible, the house is thus converted to be a three-story with the parking lots placed separately in the front. This new strategy helps to raise the green-area square meters to be 60% greater, which is twice the minimum requirement of green-area regulations in Bangkok. Together with adding pocket gardens at every corner of the house and a green roof, the overall green space of this house is boosted to 90%. By the time the vegetation has fully grown and covers all the house’s elevations, the green area will be as much as 150% larger than its initial site. Consequently, it will meet an original intention of both the house’s owners and the architects—to maximize the senses of natural scene perception on site—by establishing a life-long communication between the dwellers and the surrounding nature, resulting the growing shade of the house.

设计如何减少建筑占地的细节

建筑师最初的计划是在二楼升起并放置一个游泳池，以及家庭生活空间，在一层留出最开放的区域，用于景观美化和维护业主的隐私。这创造了一种新的感官体验，在树叶的云朵中，依偎在无缝的无边泳池中，创造了与远处天空的视觉联系。一个人可以触摸和享受在绿色和蓝天，而沉浸在池中。AAd设计团队进一步提出了不同类型的房间布局，每一层楼都将完全独立运行。每个生活单元都配备了套房所需的所有功能，如浴室、厨房和食品储藏室、花园和露台。

Design detail of how to reduce the building footprints 

The architects' initial plan was to lift and place a swimming pool on the second floor, along with the family living space, to leave the most open area on the ground floor for landscaping and maintaining the house owners’ privacy. This creates a new sensory experience of nestling the seamless infinity pool among the clouds of tree leaves, creating a visual connection to the sky beyond. One can touch and enjoy being among the greenery and a blue sky while dipping in the pool. AAd design team furthermore proposed a different type of room arrangement that each floor will be functioned completely within itself. Each living unit is equipped with all the functions needed for a suite such as a bathroom, kitchen and pantry, garden, and terrace.

一楼被设计为“花园别墅”的客房单元。访客可以选择通过主门厅进入该套房，或通过紧邻的侧门立即进入该空间。其余的生活空间需要更多的隐私和安全，只保留给房子的主人，放在较高的楼层。二楼的“泳池别墅”套房被设计成嵌入在树林中。它的落地窗集中在一个地方：一个雕塑般的鸡蛋花和游泳池。三楼高于树冠的空间可以看到Suvarnabhumi机场附近的原始景观。

The first-floor level is designated to be a “garden villa” guest unit. Visitors can choose to access this guest suite by passing through the main foyer or entering the unit immediately through a side door, located adjacent to the waterfall. The rest of the living spaces which need more privacy and security, reserved only to the house’s owners, are placed on the higher floors. The “pool villa” suite on the second floor is designed to be embedded among the trees. Its floor-to-ceiling windows are focusing on one approach—on a sculptural Plumeria and the swimming pool. The third-floor unit that rises above the tree canopy has a view towards a pristine landscape nearby the Suvarnabhumi airport.

模仿树叶的穿孔立面与温度控制

通过把所有的生活空间放在上层，所有的房间都像一个树屋。树叶和灌木不仅为居民提供了盛开的红花绿叶，而且也作为一个自然缓冲区，保护房子免受外人的窥视。起居室的外立面仍然保持着AAd立面设计的特征：使用空气间隙和穿孔铝板来缓解房子的加热，同时允许阳光和空气流通。当在夏季测量温度时，这些面板有助于将室外39摄氏度的温度降低到室内26摄氏度。

Other function perforated façade (imitating tree leaves) and temperature control

By putting all the living spaces on the upper floors, all the rooms are acting like a tree house. Tree leaves and bushes not only provide blooming refreshment for the residents, but also serve as a natural buffer, protecting the house from the outsiders’ eyes. The facades of the living room are still maintaining the signature of AAd’s façade design: using the air gap and perforated aluminum panels to relieve the house from being heated as well as allowing sunlight and air ventilation to pass through. When measuring the temperature during summer season, these panels help cooling down the 39 degrees Celsius outside to be at 26 degrees inside.

立面孔的图形是模仿覆盖的树叶创造性地打孔。白天，当阳光在室内照射时，它会产生与坐在树下吸收穿过树叶层的阳光类似的效果。孔的大小也根据内部功能的使用来确定。例如，客厅穿孔立面的孔在站立层和沙发座位层的穿孔更大，而卧室内睡觉层的孔被打得更小，以确保隐私。到了晚上，当室内的光线通过这些洞照射进来时，生活区就会变成一盏灯笼，指引着回家的路。在由于AAd的精心设计下，由于这些孔的大小不一，室内的隐私得以保证。

The graphic of the façade holes is creatively punched imitating to the overlaid tree leaves. During daytime, when the sunlight shines in the room, it will create the same effect similarly to sitting underneath the tree and absorbing the sunlight that shines through the leaf layers. The sizes of the holes are also determined accordingly to the usage of the function inside. For example, the holes of the living-room perforated facades are punched larger at the standing level and the couch-seating level, while the holes at the sleeping level inside the bedroom are punched smaller in order to secure privacy. At night, when the internal light shine through these holes, the living quarter will become a lantern, leading the way home. However, with AAd’s careful design, the outsiders will not be able to see what is inside due to the level of these holes punched.

随着树木生长/光影交织的钢条

这座房子最引人注目的元素之一是白色细长的钢杆，它们像雕塑般的刚性框架连接在一起。它形成几何形状的体积，可从入口楼梯台阶到房屋的主休息室建立直接联系。这种雕塑般的细节不仅包围了室外露台，而且还构筑了焦点，并使通道更加直观，令人联想起冒险。白色连续框架创建的一系列空隙和开口将访客吸引到前方。当靠近大门时，莲花池似乎吸引了人们的目光，露出了站在池塘中间的另一组刚性框架。当客人在整个酒店中移动时，他们会欣赏到意想不到的景观，并在穿过房屋的过程中逐渐展开。除了使用这种坚固的框架来保护房屋免遭抢劫之外，它的目的还在于阻挡外界的视线。由于采用了重叠的设计技术，白色钢杆产生了一种错觉，使框架看起来比实际密度更大。设计人员倾向于使用这些刚性框架来悬停不同类型的墙壁材料。有的包裹着坚固的墙壁，有的包裹着不透明的部分，有的包裹着透明的玻璃窗。这些都沿房屋创建了不同的动态视图。

Steel rods with the development of tree growth / shrine and light + shadow +shade

One of the most eye-catching element of this house is the white slender steel rods joined together as a sculpturing rigid frame. It forms geometric volumes that creates an immediate connection from the entry stair steps to the house’s main foyer. This sculptural detail not only encloses an outdoor terrace but is also framing a focal point and making the pathway more intuitive, adventure-evoking. A series of voids and opening, created by the white continuous frame, draws visitors forward. When reaching closer to the main door, a lotus pond appears to join the eyes, revealing another set of rigid frames standing among the pond. As guests move throughout the property, they are greeted with unexpected views of landscape, starting to unfold during the journey through the house. Besides from using this rigid frame to secure the house from robbery, it is aimed to block the eye sights of the outsiders. Because of the overlapping design technique, the white steel rods create an illusion that makes the frame look denser than it actually is. The designer tends to use these rigid frames to hover different types of wall materials. Some envelop the solid walls, some embrace the opaque part, and some encompass the transparent glazing windows; these all create different dynamic views along the house.

因为房子的主人之一是一位需要冥想空间的心理学家，所以设计师决定将佛阁放置在花园中，在地块的中间。这是为了最大限度地利用被大自然包围的优势。在一般的泰国文化中，建筑师总是利用房子的剩余空间作为神龛，往往不注重空间的透气性。因此，通过将佛龛做成一个花园亭子，并用透明的玻璃板包裹，这将使房间在保持和平气氛的同时，还能进行其他功能。展馆还覆盖了钢杆刚性框架，创造了框架镜像的效果，使房间的立面不透明，几乎看不到里面的东西。在一天结束的时候，客户和设计师希望常春藤沿着刚性框架作为额外的一层，慢慢地将冥想空间变成绿色。

Because one of the house’s owners is a psychologist who is in need of a space to meditate, the designer decides to place the Buddha pavilion among the garden, in the middle of the land plot. This is to maximize the advantages of having surrounded by nature. In general Thai culture, architects always use the left-over space of the house to become a shrine and tend to careless about making the space breathable. Therefore, by making the Buddhist shrine a garden pavilion and enveloping it with transparent glazing panels, this will make the room still be engaged with other functions, at the same time, remaining peaceful atmosphere. The pavilion is also covered with the steel-rod rigid frames, which create an effect of frame mirroring, making the room elevations to be opaque one could hardly see what is inside. At the end of the day, the client together with the designers expect the ivy to craw along the rigid frames as an extra layer, which will slowly turn the pavilion to be entirely green.

建筑和景观

由于打造生态系统是设计Shade House的主要概念，因此AAd计划通过整合房屋周围的各种景观来设计空间体验的结果。从外面观察房屋时，除了听到瀑布的放松声外，什么都看不到。走近房屋时，刚硬的框架将开始露出佛教亭子和荷花池的位置，然后露出瀑布，环绕在房屋角落的一楼宾客单元。如果通过停车场进入房屋，人们会看到一个更正式的阶梯式花园，计划在季节到来时成为水稻梯田。在二楼，通过在树木的云层中强调反射池和羽毛树，使景观规划变得不那么正式，而变得最小化。专为袖珍花园设计的三楼植物空间非常紧凑，不会遮挡外面美丽的风景。屋顶最终确定为果园。通过这个项目，设计团队对白色房屋的解释类似于白色画布，当业主搬进房屋时，他们可以通过种植五颜六色的树木和鲜花开始创作自己的画作。随着时间的流逝，绿树将吞噬白色背景，满足了建筑师希望家庭随着树木与房屋一起生长而和平自然地变老的期望。

House consequences and landscape

As making an ecosystem is the main concept of designing the Shade House, AAd plans to design a consequence of spatial experiencing by integrating various kinds of landscape around the house. When observing the house from outside, one will see nothing but hearing the relaxation sound of the waterfall. While stepping closer to the house, the rigid frames will start to reveal the location of the Buddhist pavilion and lotus pond, then revealing the waterfall embracing the first-floor guest unit at the corner of the house. If entering the house via the parking lot, one will see a more formal stepped garden, that is planned to be the rice terrace when the season comes. On the second floor, the landscape planning becomes less formal and more minimal by emphasizing the reflecting pool and a plumeria tree among the clouds of trees. The third-floor plant spaces, which designated for the pocket gardens, are compact enough not to block the views of the outside beautiful landscape scenery; and the rooftop is finalized as a fruit garden. With this project, the design team interprets this white house similarly to the white canvas that when the owners move into the house, they can start to create their own painting by planting colorful trees and flowers. As time goes by, the greenery will swallow the white background, meeting the expectation which the architects want the family to grow old peacefully and naturally as the trees grow along with the house.

▼项目分析图

▼项目图纸

项目名称：SHADE HOUSE

设计单位：Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

项目地点：泰国北榄府挽披县

完成年限：2020

首席设计师：Ayutt Mahasom，Suvatthana Sattabannasuk，Napatgarn Limwanuspong

室内设计师：Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

景观设计师：Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

照明设计师：Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

项目客户：私人

占地面积：1,000平方米

建筑面积：950平方米

照片来源：Chalermwat Wongchompoo（Sofography）

Project name: SHADE HOUSE

Year: 2020

Lead Designer: Ayutt Mahasom, Suvatthana Sattabannasuk, Napatgarn Limwanuspong

Architect: Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

Interior Designer: Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

Landscape Designer: Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

Lighting Designer: Ayutt and Associates design (AAd)

Client: Confidential

Site area: 1,000sq.m.

Construction area: 950sq.m.

Location: Bang Phli District, Samut Prakan province, Thailand

Photographer: Chalermwat Wongchompoo (Sofography)