别有洞天：赫茨尔山 纪念馆

赫兹尔山纪念馆是一个该国牺牲士兵的独特纪念馆，馆内刻下了所有牺牲者的姓名，旨在表达对和平的向往。

The Mount  Herzl Memorial Hall is a unique place of commemoration. It’s raison d’etre is to be a memorial for all the fallen soldiers of the country, and thus contains all their names.It is a project of hope for peaceful times.

纪念堂坐落在宁静如圣经的景色中，虽然与最繁忙的耶路撒冷街道相邻，但空间却独立而安静，纪念馆嵌入山脉营造出私密与开放的空间。大厅上方，设计师用来自耶路撒冷的石材重塑了整个山体的坡度地形，波浪状起伏的漏斗形叠砖结构天井打开了大厅的天空，不规则的涡流形状让自然光影变化多端，洒满整个空间，屋顶上的石板格栅设计为空气流动和自然通风营造了条件。

Set in a calm biblical scenery, but adjacent to the nowadays busy streets of Jerusalem, the space is isolated and quiet. It was excavated in the mountain to form an intimate space for both personal and collective experiences of commemoration. Above the hall, the mountain is reconstructed of curved topographies made of Jerusalem stone. An undulating funnel-shaped formation of bricks opens the excavated hall to the sky. Its irregular vortex shape floods the space with ever- changing natural light. 

At the upper end of the roof, spaced stone slabs are designed to allow air flow and natural ventilation through the roof.

石砖上刻满了名字，变成一整面姓名墙，环绕着光之漏斗展开。纪念馆的螺旋漏斗墙由23,000块石砖建造，每块砖上都刻有一名牺牲士兵的名字，死亡日期。

The names, engraved on stone bricks, form a long Wall of Names, which wraps around the funnel of light. Following a spiral ramp up the memorial, the wall is built of 23,000 stone bricks, each engraved with the name of a fallen soldier, his death date, and a light-candle to be lit every year on that date.     

设计团队与苏黎世联邦理工的研究团队R.O.B.共同协商研究完成天井的设计，正面墙是由均匀压缩的铝砖建造而成，每个砖都做了位置标记甚至标记了缝隙位置，而不是现场组装。

The design development of the funnel was done in consultation with the research team R.O.B. at the ETH, Zurich. It is constructed of uniform extruded Aluminium bricks, each   CNC’d and marked to get it’s specific joints’ locations, to allow for the assembly on site of the irregular, unique structure.

可持续性

设计的重点是旨在创建一座几乎无需任何机械系统即可运作且几乎完全生态可持续的建筑。

Sustainability

The Memorial was planned as a monument, and as such, the design focused on creating a non-building that can function almost without any mechanical systems and be close to entirely sustainable.

场所内没有空调或耗电的通风系统，天井为气流流动创造了优越的条件，从而穿过屋顶的石格栅排出热空气，产生通风的气流和宜人的温度。

There are no air-conditioning or electrical ventilation systems. Natural air flow creates excellent temperature conditions using the funnel shape to expel hot air out of the upper end of the roof through spaced stone slabs, thus creating air flow that ventilates the place. 

白天的耗电量为零，天井的自然光营造了视觉的舒适氛围，整个空间充满宜人的光线。

There is zero use of electricity for day-light. Natural light enters through the oculus and is subtly filtered through the funnel of light, flooding the space with pleasant light. 

隐藏在山体之中的纪念馆获得了最佳的散热环境，纪念馆的热量变化与土地保持一致，维持恒定的温度。外围铺着浅色的耶路撒冷石，保护建筑物免受强烈日光直射。

Excavated in the mountain, the Memorial Hall obtains optimal thermal conditions. The structure’s thermal- mass, integrated within the earth, keeps a steady temperature. The exterior topography was cladded with light-colored Jerusalem stone, which protects the building from radiation. 

无论是出于预算限制还是出于可持续性考虑，耶路撒冷石等当地材料设计过程中的关键要素。设计旨在融入周边环境，将建筑与周围的耶路撒冷城市融合在一起，与周边的山脉相互呼应。

Using local materials such as the Jerusalem-stone was a key element in the design process both for budget constraints and for sustainability reasons, aiming to integrate the building with the surrounding city of Jerusalem. It is intended to be unimposing from the exterior, and to echo the texture of the adjacent mountains and cemetery.  

▼总平面

▼屋顶平面

▼一层平面

▼二层平面

▼负一层平面

▼剖面图

▼空间生成

设计单位：Kimmel Eshkolot Architects + Kalush Chechick Architects

主管建筑师：Etan Kimmel，LimorAmrani

摄影：Amit Geron

客户：Ministry of Defence

结构工程：Haim&Yehiel Steinberg结构工程

施工经理：E.D.Rahat工程协调管理有限公司、Elizer Rahat、Daniel Rahat

设计阶段经理和协调员：Eran Garber E.S.L工程师

承包商公司：绿色建筑有限公司

项目经理：纳达夫鲁宾

工程师：Eran Rosenberg

照明设计：Amir Brenner照明设计

轻钟优化：R/O/B Technologies - ETH  Zurich + IDF Merkavaand Armored Vehicles Directorate

铝砖制造商：BTI金属中心公司。

3D模具制造商：XENOM

Architecture: Kimmel Eshkolot Architects + Kalush Chechick Architects

Architects in charge: Etan Kimmel,  LimorAmrani

Photographer: Amit Geron

Client: Ministry of Defence – families and Commemoration Department            

Structural engineering: Haim & Yehiel Steinberg Structural Engineering

Construction manager: E.D. Rahat Engineering Coordination and Management Ltd.,Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat

Design phase Manager and coordinator: Eran Garber E.S.L Engineers

Contractor Firm: Green Construction Ltd.

Projectmanager: Nadav Rubin

Engineer: Eran Rosenberg

Lighting Design: Amir Brenner Lighting Design

Light Bell optimization: R/O/B Technologies - ETH  Zurich + IDF Merkavaand Armored Vehicles Directorate

Aluminum bricks manufacturer: BTI Metals Center Inc.

3D Molds manufacturer: XENOM