大山十吉民宿改造：孪生院子

公司：	也似建筑	类型：	景观
地区：	中国	标签：	建筑改造 \| 民宿客栈

△北院与山

△边亭

△南院与山

从天安门出发向西北方向出发八十公里左右，玉渡山面南俯瞰着平坦的延怀盆地。拥挤的、具有华北地区农村典型面貌的晏家堡村就坐落于玉渡山麓之上。它毗邻著名的龙庆峡风景区、世界园艺博览会展场、以及石京龙滑雪场，旅游资源丰富。业主租下村落深处一对兄弟所拥有的两个院落（下文称“南院”与“北院”），希望将它们改造为整院出租的民宿。任务书要求建筑师合理地利用院落中现有的建筑提供尽可能多的客房、充分考虑到有限造价下建造的经济性、以及避免改造后的建筑对周邻居的生活产生影响。而作为房主的两兄弟，也有特别的要求：其一，改造必须尊重两处院子的既有产权边界，不能将两处基地打通使用；其二，因风水而不允许更改院落的出入口朝向。

Being situated at 80kilometers away northwest of Tiananmen Square, Yudu Mountain overlooks the flatYanhuai Basin. South-facing Yanjiabu Village sits on the mountain slope, withits crowded fabrics and typical northern Chinese countryside appearance. The village is with great tourism value due to its close distance topopular Longqing Gorge, as well as 2019 Garden Expo sites, and Shijinglong SkiResort. Two courtyards which are located deep inside thevillage, are rented by client from twin brothers to be renovated intoguesthouses. The program book asks architects to reasonably take advantageof courtyards’ existing buildings for more guestrooms, fully consider theeconomy of construction, and avoid the final results conflicting neighbors’interests. As the landlords, the twin brothers also havetwo requirements: first, the renovation must not join the two courtyards intoone so to respect existing property boundaries; and second, courtyards’ mainentrances’ location should not be changed due to ‘Fengshui’ reasons.

△北院改造后

△南院改造后

我们希望建筑能够为人们观赏山景提供舒适的条件，而非通过制造奇观式的“凸出”物体让自然景色沦为陪衬。这一立场决定了整个院落中的建筑都呈现素色、且建筑节点与做法都尽可能低调。唯一鲜艳夺目的是花园中葱郁茂盛的植物。院子仿佛原本就存在于此，建筑师的工作只是前来做了清理与恢复。

We hope architecture could provide suitableconditions for mountain viewing, rather than submitting nature environment byerecting ‘phallist’ objects. This attitude, therefore, decides buildings’simple color, and humble architectonic presentation. The only eye-catchingelements are gardens’ thrive plants. The project is as if lost and beingdiscovered again. The only job architect carry is to clean and restore.

△方案生成演示

△改造过程分解

△总平面图

△平面图

△种植植物列表

我们在每个院落的南侧置入一个朝北的“亭子”，作为起居室、以及整个院落的公共活动“锚点”。它不仅拥有北方壮丽的玉渡山景色，当折叠玻璃门扇完全打开时，“亭子”的室内空间更融入院落，穿过院落的风和阳光也毫无阻拦的进入室内。天气晴朗的时候，人们亦可登上南院“亭子”的屋顶，向南远眺延怀盆地的开阔景致。院子四周大多数墙体都被白色质感涂料覆盖。这一该地区被人们广泛使用的外墙材料让新建筑成功地隐蔽起来。

We implant a north-facing ‘gloriette’ ineach site as both living room and ‘anchor’ for collective activities. With its spectacularview of Yudu Mountain, the gloriette merges itself into the garden when itsfolding door fully opened, while allowing breeze and sunlight in. In sunnydays, people can climb up to south gloriette’s roof for panorama of the basinat south. White stucco paint covers most building surfaces, which helps the newcourtyard blending among neighboring houses that are all use this samematerial.

△南院大门

△南院起居室入口

△南院天台阶梯

△南院嬉水池

△南院起居室

△南院正房

△南苑正房

△南院天台

两个院子看似相同，却有着截然不同的布局。南院的活动——包括嬉水池、露天影院、一个拥有半户外吧台的聚会区——都围绕坐落于正中的亭子而散布在院落之内，被大小各异的、种满高草的圆形种植池所包围。与之相反，北院的“亭子”以及其他活动区域则反过来包围着一个集中的花池。南北院使用上的“反转”使看起来相同的孪生院子产生了富有趣味的差异，也希望催生不同的院落使用方式。而郁郁葱葱、野性、随着季节枯荣的植物和富有活力的户外活动，为两个院子起居室“永恒”的山景提供了别样的前景。

The two gardens arefundamentally different although with somewhat resemble style. All activityspaces in south garden- includes a pool, an open cinema, and a meeting placewith a semi-outdoor bar- are spreading across the site circling the gloriette, beingsurrounded by various sizes’ circular plant pools with high grass. As amirroring image, activities in north garden are surrounding a centralized plantpools in the middle of the garden. This reverse strategy is hoped todifferentiate two sites and provoke imaginative ways of using these outdoorspaces. The thriving, wild and vicissitude of plants, as well as energeticoutdoor events, are merged as a colorful foreground for the ‘everlasting’mountain scenery of both living rooms.

△北院夜景

△北院

△北院起居室

△北院边亭

△北院门廊

院落坐北的砖木结构正房因为经济原因被保留下来，但其南立面需要进行改造以适应建筑内部的变动。为了最大限度的不对原有建筑的结构造成破坏，我们拆除了南立面上的非承重构造、并浇筑了一堵与原有房屋结构脱离的混凝土剪力墙。这个简单的动作达成了三个目的：其一，剪力墙赋予了建筑以自由的立面；其二，剪力墙支撑起一个两米多的深远挑檐，延展了原有建筑的屋面，形成一个花园与客房之间的“灰空间”；其三，混凝土粗粝的质感与远方的山脉相映成趣，并与其他白色的墙面形成反差、成为院落中的视觉焦点。挑檐与门廊组成的这个三维立面在视觉上压低了正房原本高大的南立面，使之退后到阴影之中，谦逊地成为壮丽山景的注脚。

The wood-brick structure main houses inboth gardens, which are kept for economical reasons, need to modify their southfaçade reflecting building’s interior changes. A free-standing concrete sheerwall is erected to avoid damage on existing structure. This installationachieves three purposes: one, it gives the building a free façade; two, itsupports a two meters’ deep eaves, extending existing roof to form a ‘greyspace’ between garden and rooms; last, concrete’s coarse texture echoesmountain’s rough rocky landscape, contrasting other surfaces’ whiteness. Thehouse’s tall south elevation is suppressed by this three dimensional façade,recessing into shadow as footnote for the spectacular mountain view.

△院落改造剖透视

△北院门廊

△南院门廊

考虑到原有房屋较大的进深，我们在客房内除了设置基本的盥洗和睡眠区域外，还增加了一处“修室”。与物尽其用地利用原有房屋结构营造高大室内的睡眠区不同，修室是一个狭小、与人体更为亲近的空间。通过尺寸各异的窗户，修室得以挑战人体与窗外院落景致不同的关系。同时，它也充当了强调隐私的客房与院落生活的缓冲。

Thanks to the deepness of the originalhouse, we are able to place a ‘monastic cell’ inside each guestroom besideslavatory unit and sleeping unit. Unlike the sleeping unit which tries tomaximize its height by exploiting the existing structure, the monastic cell isa small, intimate space. It challenges the relationship between human body andlandscape outside through windows of various sizes. It is also a buffer zonefor privacy-centric bedroom against the lively courtyard life.