宜昌南岔湾·石屋部落民宿二期

公司：	中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院	类型：	建筑 \| 室内
地区：	中国	标签：	民宿客栈

我们欣喜的察觉，当代乡村与城市之间的关系开始发生变化，不再是二元对立的存在，而是逐渐从相对割裂转变为互相补给。尽管乡村缺乏城市生活的便捷性，城市则因过度的人工化，与自然之间存在着坚固的界限，这种巨大的反差反倒给予乡村一定的“时代红利”。

We are pleased to notice that the relationship between rural and urban has begun to change. It is no longer the existence of binary opposition, but gradually transforms from relative separation to mutual supplement. Although the countryside lacks the convenience of urban life, there is a solid boundary between the city and the nature due to the excessive artificialization. This huge contrast gives the countryside certain "dividend of The Times".

时至今日，设计师仍持续在乡村建设抛出的问题寻找合理的解答：中国的乡村文化如何呈现崭新生命力？乡村更新如何走出传统的商业化模式？如何保护乡村原本的肌理？

Today, designers continue to find reasonable solutions to the problems posed by rural construction:How does China's rural culture show new vitality?How does rural renewal get out of the traditional commercial model?How to protect the original texture of the countryside?

随着度假酒店、民宿等模式的介入，城乡互动性提升，乡村不再仅是少数人的诗与远方，而是通过实地体验、媒体触及等方式更加直面大众群体。

With the intervention of resort hotels, B&Bs and other modes, the interaction between urban and rural areas has been enhanced. The countryside is no longer just a poem and distance for a few people, but more directly faces the public through field experience and media touch.

01/乡村肌理：如何将设计隐于乡村

Rural Texture: How to hide design in the countryside

不过多考虑乡村应该是什么样子，在宜昌南岔湾石屋设计之初，设计师就明确了“乡村先于设计”这一思考主题。

At the beginning of the design of Nanchawan stone House in Yichang, the designer made clear the theme of "countryside comes before design".

南岔湾石屋位于长江三峡起始地湖北宜昌的一处小山村，山水如墨，拥有天然的地理人文景观。南岔湾石屋一期完成于2020年，在一期设计时间内，设计师就已在脑海中构思二期的形态。

Nanchawan Stone House is located in a small mountain village in Yichang, Hubei Province, where the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River began. The landscape is like ink, with natural geographical and cultural landscape. The first phase of Nanchawan Stone House will be completed in 2020. During the first phase design time, the designer has already conceived the shape of the second phase in his mind.

在整个石屋的乡村实践中，避免从传统酒店的方式去套设计模式，而是从延续乡村肌理出发去思考新方向，力求保持地域纯粹性。

In the whole village practice of stone house, avoid the traditional hotel way to set the design pattern, but from the continuation of the rural texture to think about the new direction, and strive to maintain the purity of the region.

在缓慢的时间进程中逐渐形成的村落，不是设计手段可以模拟，却天然的具有邻里关系最自然的状态，房屋的建设时常是顺应环境而生，一棵古树，一条古村路，或比邻而居，均可作为建筑选址坐标。

The village gradually formed in the slow process of time can not be simulated by design means, but naturally has the most natural state of neighborhood relationship. The construction of houses is often born in accordance with the environment. An ancient tree, an ancient village road, or living in close proximity can be used as the location coordinates of buildings.

经过实地考察南岔湾村庄，一期的两栋建筑原本是两兄弟的楼房，一如当地其他村民的建筑，均由当地山体石材搭建而成，缺乏很好的密闭性，时常渗雨进风，这也是在设计中的需要克服的因素。

After field investigation of Nanchawan village, the two buildings in phase I were originally the buildings of two brothers. Just like the buildings of other local villagers, they were built by the local mountain stone. They lacked good airtightness and often leaked into the wind through rain, which was also a factor to be overcome in the design.

02/空间肌理：如何厘清石屋的递进关系

Spatial Texture: How to clarify the progressive relationship of stone houses

宜昌石屋为设计提供了原始参考，设计力图呈现这种原生的美感，建筑需要把时间的连续性充分表达出来。因石材外观鲜明的地域特点，石材的使用不仅可延续乡村风貌，还可将时间记忆在新建筑中得以传承。

The Yichang stone House provides the original reference for the design. The design tries to present the original beauty, and the architecture needs to fully express the continuity of time. Due to the distinctive regional characteristics of stone appearance, the use of stone can not only continue the rural style, but also inherit the time memory in the new building.

二期石屋由多栋建筑构成看似无序的空间序列，延续和递进一期石屋的形态关系，根据地势散落在山坡上，与一期两栋石屋不同，没有依照统一的朝向，而是依据乡村建房因势而建的特征，呈现无序中的有序感。

The second phase consists of several buildings forming a seemingly disordered spatial sequence, which continues and progresses the morphological relationship of the first phase stone houses. They are scattered on the hillside according to the terrain. Different from the two stone houses in the first phase, they do not follow the unified orientation, but according to the characteristics of rural houses built according to the situation, presenting a sense of order in the disordered.

石屋取消传统木结构改用钢架结构体系保证稳定性，屋顶形态依然是典型的传统坡屋顶，呈现简化了的飞檐翘角形态，窗框系统采用现代材料，不同尺度的开窗取景自然，消弥了室内外界限，打破农村生活的固有印象，透出内部空间的现代生活质感。

Stone cancel the traditional wood to steel structure system which can guarantee the stability and is still a typical traditional sloping roof, roof form present simplifies the eaves, newborn window frame system adopts modern materials, different scales the window view of nature, to eliminate the boundary between the indoor and outdoor, break the inherent impression of rural life, reveals the internal space of modern life sense.

03/自然肌理：如何将石屋设计延续自然记忆

Natural Texture: How can stone house design continue natural memory

在此保留和退让策略下，为了避免置入新建筑带来与环境的潜在竞争，采取梳理型设计，对环境组成元素做了大部分保留，乡村原本的层次结构得到保护，且得以让原有植被二次生长。

Under the strategy of reservation and concession, in order to avoid the potential competition with the environment brought by the new building, carding design is adopted, most of the environmental components are retained, the original hierarchical structure of the village is protected, and the original vegetation is allowed to grow again.

项目也在建造过程中收获偶得的惊喜，山体本身是覆土型，在开挖部分山体的过程中，内部的石头逐渐裸露出现，呈现了非常原始的状态，因此建筑的大尺度开窗尽可能的面对这些石头，形成极具力量感的对话，建造魅力在这里得以充分展现。

Project also harvest in the process of building my surprise, the mountain is itself a overburden soil type, in the process of excavation of mountain, inside the stone gradually exposed, presents a very primitive state, so the construction of large scale window as much as possible in the face of these stones, form the strength of the dialogue, building charm can fully show here.

山体石头的肌理状态同样是一种无序中的自然秩序，建筑的布置与开窗相应与之忽近忽远，或紧密或松弛的微妙动势，使得室内空间尽数拥有独特自然记忆的画框。内部空间也尽可能的去装饰化，外材内用，将石材运用在室内营造中，使得自然肌理在室内延续。

The texture of the mountain stone is also a natural order in disorder. The layout of the building and the opening of the window correspond to its proximity and distance, and the subtle dynamics of tightness or relaxation make the interior space full of picture frames with unique natural memory. The interior space is also as decorative as possible. The exterior materials are used in the interior, and the stone materials are used in the interior construction to make the natural texture continue in the interior.

04/时间肌理：如何将设计价值进一步延伸

Time Texture: How to extend the design value further

“乡村建造要有时间性，特别是手艺的建造”。设计师表达建造过程并非是一蹴而就，而是与当地匠人合作逐渐打磨完成。

"Rural construction should have time, especially handicraft construction". The designer said the construction process was not done overnight, but was done gradually in collaboration with local craftsmen.

石材不仅作为建造材料也作为室内材料，室内设计则按照现代生活方式介入，采用木材、钢材与石材进行精确组合，避免装饰性赘述。而为了在建造工艺方面保存乡村的“时间肌理”，设计师寻来当地匠人，通过他们纯熟的手艺，更加细致的去营造乡村的时代断面。

Stone is not only used as the construction material but also as the interior material. The interior design is involved in accordance with the modern lifestyle. The precise combination of wood, steel and stone is adopted to avoid the decorative repetition. In order to preserve the "time texture" of the countryside in the construction process, the designer recruited local craftsmen to create a more detailed cross-section of the rural era through their skilled skills.

同时，这种时间肌理还体现在原生态的生活还原，当一群人扎堆在乡村生活，踩着石头铺设的不平整道路上行走，望着远处村舍炊烟缭绕，城市的喧嚣在这里不复存在，取而代之的是真正的乡野体验，以及人与人之间质朴的相处方式。

Texture at the same time, this time also reflect in the original ecological life reduction, when a group of people living in the country, are enjoying standing on stone laying uneven walking on the road, looking at the cottage smoke fills the air in the distance, the noise of the city no longer exists here, instead, the real experience of countryside, and simple way to get along with between people.

诚然，当代乡村不全是美好的一面，乡村当然也不是设计师展现精英化的秀场。直面当下乡村的现状，建造可在乡村推广的建筑审美范式，这是宜昌石屋在设计中希望传达的理念，也是设计之外，理想得以延伸的价值。

To be sure, the contemporary countryside is not all rosy, and the countryside is certainly not an elitist showcase for designers. Facing the current situation of the countryside and building an architectural aesthetic paradigm that can be promoted in the countryside, this is the idea that Yichang Stone House hopes to convey in the design, and also the value of extending the ideal beyond the design.