第十二届中国（南宁）国际园林博览会·罗汉松园景观设计

“罗汉松园”位于南宁园博园东大门主入口区，占地面积约1.6公顷，如今大家眼前所熟悉看到的罗汉松园质朴而又不失内涵的外表，是设计师俯下身段，满怀诗心与匠心，宛如未入世俗的书生，用清灵的眼光重新审视中国古典写意山水园林的本质与精髓，是当代传承与弘扬写意山水园林的又一佳作。

Located at the main entrance area of the east gate of Nanning Garden Expo Park, " Podocarpus Garden" covers an area of about 1.6 hectares. a, To present the pristine and connotative appearance of Podocarpus pine at this moment that everyone is familiar with, the designer studied humbly with poetic and ingenuity, just like a unsophisticated scholar who has just entered the society, re-examines the essence of Chinese classical freehand landscape gardens with a clear vision. It is another masterpiece of contemporary inheritance and promotion of freehand landscape gardens.

【罗汉松园：以中国古典写意山水构建花园】

Podocarpus Garden: Building a Garden with Chinese Classic Freehand Landscape

早在古代道家思想上就提出师法自然的经典学术理论之说，道家认为道是世界万物的本源，“人法地，地法天，天法自然”。

In ancient Taoist thought, the classic academic theory of learning from nature was put forward. Taoism believed that Tao is the origin of everything in the world, "Man follows the earth, the earth follows the sky, and the sky follows the nature."

在中国几千年的造园史上，崇尚自然的造园师纷纷以大自然的景与境为艺术创作的源泉，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

In the history of landscaping in China for thousands of years, landscape architects who admire nature have taken the natural scenery and realm as the source of artistic creation, and pursued the spiritual realm of nature as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the goal of " it is made by humans yet it is natural

伴随着城市化发展以及工业与科技迅猛发展的今天，中国乃至世界的造园艺术正随着时代的发展而不断被赋予新的内涵。中国地产界从21世纪初风靡全国的欧式园林，到如今被世人看作是传承与发扬中国古典园林艺术的新中式园林，变化发展的是设计师表达园林的形式，不变的是人们对于理想家园的美好追求与向往。

With the development of urbanization and the rapid development of industry and technology today, the art of gardening in China and the world is constantly being given new connotations with the development of the times. From the European-style gardens that swept the country at the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese real estate industry has now been regarded by the world as a new Chinese garden that inherits and promotes the art of Chinese classical gardens. What has changed and developed is the way designers express gardens. What remain unchanged are people's ideals. The beautiful pursuit and yearning for homeland.

造一座园，成一处精品，圆一个梦，成了造园者内心的最终愿望，在与主办方紧密的沟通与协调下，一个以“写意山水园”为定位，以中国大自然的山川河流为蓝本，提炼和浓缩山水画、山水诗、山水盆景中的山、水、石、雾、林等艺术精髓，通过“大地盆景”和“近自然景观营造”等手法打造当代理想的写意山水园，成了造园者与主办方一致的追求与所愿。

To build a garden and make it a boutique, and realize a dream of the garden builders, we closely communicate with the organizer and decided to create a "freehand landscape garden". We refine and condense the artistic essence of mountains, water, stones, fog, forests in landscape paintings, landscape poems, landscape bonsai, and create contemporary ideal freehand landscape gardens through techniques such as "Earth Bonsai" and "Near-Nature Landscape Construction". It has become the unanimous pursuit and wish of the garden maker and the organizer.

【山之境】

北宋绘画大师郭熙曾在“身即山川而取之”这一美学思想理论中提出“山，近看如此，远数里看又如此，远十数里看又如此，每远每异，所谓‘山形步步移’也。”并总结了山有“三远”，自山下而仰山颠谓之“高远”，自山前窥山后谓之“深远”，自近山而望远山谓之“平远”。

Guo Xi, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, once put forward the aesthetic theory of "the body is the mountains and rivers and take it". In this theory he said " It’s totally different when you see the mountains closely or in the distance.” It also sums up that there are “three distances” of the mountains. From the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, it is called “high and far”, from the front of the mountain is called “profound”, and from the near mountain to the distant mountain is called “level far".

罗汉松园巧妙借鉴了北宋绘画大师的三远意境，自溪涧底部于咫尺间仰近山之巅，悬崖峭壁，芳草连天，可谓“高远”，自峡谷高处于蜿蜒间窥远山之莽，溪涧蜿蜒，松林林立，可谓“深远”，自山头此处于平台间望山头彼处，林木参差，此起彼伏，宛若画境，可谓“平远”。

Podocarpus Garden cleverly borrowed from the three-distance artistic conception of the painters of the Northern Song Dynasty. From the bottom of the stream, it is close to the top of the mountain. The cliffs and the grass are all over the sky. The winding stream and pine forests can be described as "profound". From the top of the mountain to the platform, looking at the top of the mountain, the trees are uneven, one after another, like a painting scene, which can be described as "flat and distant."

【水之境】

罗汉松园选址于园博园七处采石矿坑之一，人工长期的开采使这里形成了峭壁、断崖、山涧、山谷等未成型的地理景观，而恰似这一独特的地理环境让长期驻足思考于此的造园者有了独特的见解与想法。

The Podocarpus Garden is located in one of the seven quarry pits in the Garden Expo Park. Long-term artificial mining has created unformed geographical landscapes such as cliffs, cliffs, mountain streams, and valleys. It is just like this unique geographical environment that allows a long-term stop Garden builders thinking about this have unique insights and ideas.

顺应自然恣意生长,宛若天成而非刻意设计。造园师认为既然人为的开采破坏已经成为如此，且历经自然的考验与洗礼而未生灾害，那为何不尝试天人各做一半，巧借自然的力量从而实现矿坑的重生呢！

Designers prefer a natural design which growing arbitrarily in accordance with nature. The gardener believes that since man-made mining damage has become this, and has experienced the test and baptism of nature without causing disaster, why not try to do half of the nature and use the power of nature to achieve the rebirth of the mine!

纵观整个矿坑遗址，自东向西蜿蜒，高方欲就亭台，故做披霞亭，低凹可开池沼，故做戏鱼渊，高低以跌瀑溪涧相连，“疏源之去由，察水之来历。”遵循自然之道、地形之势，基于自然﹑再现自然，方能高于自然。

Looking at the entire mine site, winding from east to west, the tall side wants to have the pavilion, so it is a Pixia pavilion, and the low valley can open the pond, so it plays the fish Yuan, the height is connected by the falling waterfall and the stream. Observe the origin of the water.” Only by following the natural path and terrain, based on nature and reappearing nature, can be higher than nature.

水有三远，动静交呈，谓之“阔远、深远、迷远”。流水相聚则为阔，造园者借助理山叠石的手段将人工水源巧妙融入于山石之中，游人游览于此丝毫察觉不了人工的痕迹，大大小小多种形式的叠瀑相聚汇集于溪涧低谷，形成一泓泉池，岸边叠石交错，植被浓郁，草坡虽为人作但宛若天开，形神如山，远远望去，倒映其中，可谓“阔远”。

There three different ways of designing water features, we call it three distances, , which are broad, far-reaching, and far-reaching. When flowing water gathers together, it is wide. Garden gardeners use the method of stacking rocks in mountains to ingeniously integrate artificial water sources into the rocks. Visitors can't notice the traces of artificial when they visit here. Stacked waterfalls of various forms, large and small, gather together in the stream. The valley forms a spring pool, the shore is staggered with rocks, and the vegetation is dense. Although the grass slopes are made by humans, they are like the sky and the shape is like a mountain. Looking from a distance, reflecting in it, it can be described as "broad and far."

登于披霞亭纵观而下，虽为高点也不能将整条溪涧一览无遗，或掩饰于林木，或羞晦于栈桥，或隐匿于叠石与山坡，蜿蜒曲折，松林山石层层叠叠，交相辉映，一眼望去溪涧流水潺潺无穷尽也，可谓“深远”；

Looking down at the Pixia Pavilion, although it is a high point, the entire stream cannot be seen completely, or it is hidden in the woods, or embarrassed in the trestle bridge, or hidden in the stacked rocks and hillsides, winding and winding, pine forests and mountains are stacked. They are complementing each other at the endless streams of streams and water, which can be described as "profound";

自高处亭台沿栈道一路蜿蜒而下，瀑鸣跌水声空谷传响，尔后渐渐消逝隐匿，水面平静无痕，然栈桥一拐宛如峰回路转，跌瀑重现，流水激荡，锦鲤自如，一派热闹非凡的景象。后活水流经山石一转，开阔的池面宛如安静的少女，白璧无瑕，温文尔雅。独行于山谷溪涧间，水境多变，宛入迷津，可谓“迷远”。

Walk along the plank road from the high pavilions, the sound of waterfalls and falling water spreads through the empty valley, and then gradually disappears and disappears. The water surface is calm and unmarked. However, when you turn around, you will see the falling waterfall reappears, the flowing water is surging, and the koi fish are swimming freely.. After the running water flowed through the mountains and rocks, the open pool surface was like a quiet girl, flawless and gentle. Walking alone in the valleys and streams, the water environment is changeable, like a maze, which can be described as "far away."

【雾之境】

与中国画一脉相承，在园林设计中运用天时地利人和等气候因素，创造幽谷烟雾缥缈，扑朔迷离之景成为了罗汉松园设计的点睛之笔。

It is in the same strain  with Chinese painting, the use of climate factors such as the right time and place in the garden design to create the misty and misty valleys. The confusing and confusing scenery has become the finishing touch of the Podocarpus Garden’s design.

造园者彻底洞悉了整个罗汉松园的地理与气候环境，在空气相对稳定不流通且潮湿的峡谷溪涧两边暗藏喷雾设备。每当喷雾开启，再巧遇上南方春天烟雨蒙蒙的三月，摒弃杂念漫游于此中，亭子、跌瀑、溪涧、叠石、栈道、罗汉松等在朦胧的雨雾中若隐若现，“不见幽谷人半载，忽闻嬉语也惊魂。”宛如一幅天然的动态岭南山水雾景图，青山隐隐，乘云欲归......

The gardener has a thorough insight into the geography and climate environment of the entire Podocarpus Garden, and concealed spray equipment on both sides of the relatively stable, uncirculated and humid gorge and stream. Whenever the spray is turned on, it coincides with the misty and rainy March in the southern spring, abandoning distracting thoughts and roaming here, pavilions, falling waterfalls, streams, stacked rocks, plank roads, podocarpus, etc. are looming in the hazy rain and fog, "I didn’t see the valley people in half of a year so that I was scared when I heard their laughter suddenly”. It’s just like a picture of a natural and dynamic Lingnan landscape with fog, the green hills are faint, and the clouds are eager to return...

【石之境】

园博园地处南宁中心东南方向约12公里的顶蛳山地块，独特的丘陵与石林地貌造就了场地本身存在着更多的不确定性。在施工过程中对于意外挖掘出的石林，触发了造园者的敏感神经，在如此大规模人工挖刨出的形态各异美丑不一的石林面前，除了面对突发的压力，但更多的是被这份大自然天然的惊喜所震撼感动。

The Garden Expo Park is located in the Dingjia Mountain block about 12 kilometers southeast of Nanning Center. The unique hills and stone forest landforms create more uncertainty in the site itself. The unexpectedly excavated stone forest during the construction process triggered the gardener’s sensitive nerves. In the face of such a large-scale artificially excavated stone forest of different shapes, beautiful and ugly, in addition to facing sudden pressure, it is more Many are moved by this natural surprise.

大自然的赠礼再多，在造园者的眼中，取用多少也很是讲究。根据场地的大小，场地的形态以及场地的周边环境，挖刨与场地相匹配适应的石林作为设计打造的重点对象。大面积留白与局部植被补丁的方式让石林的表现更加立体与活现，在石林深处，引一小泓清泉，远远望去，石林间叠水交错，宛如万千银龙在山峰峭壁间蜿蜒盘旋......

No matter how many gifts are given by nature, in the eyes of garden builders, they are very particular about how much they can use. According to the size of the site, the shape of the site and the surrounding environment of the site, the stone forest that is suitable for excavation and planing of the site is the key object of design and construction. Large areas of white space and local vegetation patches make the performance of the stone forest more three-dimensional and vivid. In the depths of the stone forest, a small clear spring is drawn. From a distance, the stone forest overlaps with water, like thousands of silver dragons in the mountains and cliffs. Winding around...

于草坡之顶，刨得原生山石几何，形态各异，不尽相同；“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”，在抱着诗意情怀的设计师眼中，它就是几公里外的远山，山石亦成峰，草坡亦是高山草甸，石缝间无意飞长出的杂草，亦是半山之巅的活林；如此诗意情怀与山水意趣，令人心生敬畏与共鸣。

On the top of the grass slope, the original rock geometry is ploughed, with different shapes and different shapes; "Looking at the side as a ridge and peaks, different distances and heights", in the eyes of poetic designers, it is a few kilometers away In the distant mountains, the rocks are also peaks, the grass slopes are also alpine meadows, the weeds that unintentionally fly between the rocks, are also the living forests on the top of the mountain; such poetic sentiment and landscape interest are awe-inspiring and resonance .

“明月松间照，清泉石上流”，在园子的深处，一口“活泉”在两个形似松鼠的石洞门下缓缓流出。造园者根据太阳高度角的变化计算将现场原有的两个石头就地摆位，使得全年大约有两个月的时间太阳夕阳西下之时会刚好顺着这个石洞缓缓而落，仔细一看，又有如双豹争辉，巧夺天工。

"The bright moon shines among the pine, the clear spring stone flows up", in the depths of the garden, a "live spring" slowly flows out under two squirrel-shaped stone cave gates. According to the calculation of the change in the height angle of the sun, the gardener placed the original two stones on the spot, so that there will be about two months of the year when the sun sets in the west, and it will just fall slowly along the cave. , A closer look, it is like a double leopard striving for glory, ingenious workmanship.

【林之境】

巨山大川，古迹名园，首在神气。如果说罗汉松园的山、石、水、雾之境是圣僧的经文与念珠，那罗汉松则是袈裟，一眼被人看清，而又最难被人看破。“黄金白玉非为贵，唯有袈裟披最难”，想要通过罗汉松来塑造整个园子的标帜，且又找不到任何可借鉴作品的情况下，可谓极其之难。

Giant mountains and big rivers, historic sites and famous parks, are the first to be in air. If the mountains, rocks, water, and fog in the Podocarpus pine garden are the scriptures and rosaries of the holy monks, the Podocarpus pine is the robes, which can be seen clearly at a glance, and the most difficult to be seen. "Gold and white jade is not expensive, but robes are the most difficult." It is extremely difficult to use Podocarpus to shape the logo of the entire garden and cannot find any works for reference.

整个大型的圆形场地宛如一座大型的现实盆景格局，且罗汉松在中国盆景的文化中扮演着肉体与灵魂的角色，所以借用大地盆景的手法打造罗汉松园是直戳设计师心灵的选择。

The entire large circular site is like a large-scale realistic bonsai pattern, and Podocarpus chinensis plays the role of body and soul in the culture of Chinese bonsai. Therefore, borrowing the method of earth bonsai to create the Podocarpus pine garden is the choice to directly hit the designer's mind.

罗汉松单植则为孤，孤而成景，不是身段秀美就是形态称奇。在罗汉园最高处仙柏台旁，一棵造型斜飘且形态飘逸的罗汉松屹立于园区之巅，每逢朝阳或日落，都可以一睹仙柏揽日的诗意美景。

When a podocarpus is planted individually, it could be beautiful scenery by itself. Next to Xianbaitai, the highest point of the Arhat Park, a podocarpus pine with slant and elegant shapes stands on the top of the park. No matter in the sun or sunset, you can see the poetic beauty of Xianbai.

罗汉松对植则为仪，仪而成景，不是两仪相生就是两仪互补。在罗汉松园四合院的入口处，两株健壮且形态优美傲立长青的罗汉松分别对植于入口左右两端，一左一右，两仪相生相成；在罗汉松园道路两侧，两株形似招手的罗汉松遥相呼应，相生相成；在园子一处，两株成景，其一左冠偏失，其一右冠偏失，两者巧妙合植，两仪互补，如阴阳合体，亦可成景。

When podocarpus are planted in a pair, they are complementary for one and another and become a landscape scenery. The two rituals are either coexisting or complementing each other. At the entrance of the Podocarpus Garden courtyard, two robust and graceful and evergreen podocarpus are planted at the left and right ends of the entrance, one on the left and the right, and the two are in harmony; on both sides of the Podocarpus Garden road, Two Podocarpus, which resembles a beckoning hand, echo each other in a distance, and grow into each other; in the garden, two plants form a scene, one of the left crown is missing, and the other right is missing. The two plants are cleverly planted together, and the two instruments complement each other, like a combination of Yin and Yang , Can also become a scene.

罗汉松群植则为林，林而成景，只求概象不究细则。三五成林群植罗汉松于“大地盆景”中，单株或有缺，群植也无妨，相互之间扬长避短，形成一个完好的罗汉松林景观。

Podocarpus pine group is planted as forest, and the forest becomes the scenery, and the details are not investigated for generality. Podocarpus pine is planted in the "Earth Bonsai" in three to five forest groups. Individual plants may be lacking, and there is no harm in group planting. They build on each other's strengths and avoid weaknesses to form a complete Podocarpus forest landscape.

【结语】

相信每个造园者的内心深处都深藏着一个梦中的理想花园，是充满欧式风情的秘密花园，是满怀诗意情结的山水园，是倡导简洁大气之风的现代园；设一座园，取大地万物之境，或大山之巅草甸浓茵，或悬崖之壁松木林立，或山脚之林绿海茫茫，是“罗汉松园”造园者梦中的理想花园。

We believe that deep down of every gardener there is always an ideal garden of dreams. It might be a secret garden full of European style, a poetic landscape garden, or a modern garden that advocates simplicity and atmosphere; We build a garden, utilize the land of all things, the dense meadow on the top of the mountain, the pine forest on the cliff wall, and the green sea at the foot of the mountain. it is the ideal garden in the dreams of the gardeners of " Podocarpus Garden".