如地底洞穴般的住宅＆餐厅

项目为一位法国餐厅老板打造了一座住宅兼餐厅。客户是我的老朋友，也是我“专为一家餐厅而建的桌子（the Tables for a Restaurant）”作品的委托者。在本次项目中，我被要求设计一座尽可能“重”的建筑：“我想要一座重量感会随着时间的推移而增加的建筑，”他说。“它无需人工打磨的光滑质感，而是具有天然的粗糙感。这正是最正宗的美食所需要的场所。”他还告诉我，“它必须看起来像是在这里存在了许久，并将继续在此地长存。”他希望创造一座全新的老字号餐厅，兼容住宅与餐厅两种功能，这样在未来，他就可以将其传给自己的子孙后代。

The project is a residence/restaurant for a French restaurant owner. He is an old friend of mine, and he was the one who commissionedthe Tables for a Restaurant. I was asked to design a building as “heavy” as possible. “I want an architecture whose heaviness would increase with time,” he said. “It cannot be artificially smooth but rather something with the roughness of nature. Authentic cuisines require such a place.” He also told me that “it has to look as if it has been there and will continue to be there for the longest time.” His idea was to create a brand-new long-established restaurant. He was longing for something that is both a house and a restaurant, something he could pass on to his children and grandchildren.

如今，餐厅老板邀请客人去用餐，就像邀请朋友来家中做客，他会邀请特别的来宾进入客厅，甚至在此过夜。当餐厅闭店后，大厅就转变为共度家庭时光或供孩子们学习的地方。在项目的平面布局中，餐厅位于北面，住宅在南面。人们可以穿过三个分隔建筑的庭院中的任意一个，在不同空间中来回走动。

Now, he invites guests to the restaurant as he would invite friends to his house, and with someone special, he would let them into the living room or even stay overnight. When the restaurant is closed, the hall serves as a place for the family to spend time or for the children to study. The plan is arranged with the restaurant on the north and the residence on the south. To go back and forth between the spaces, they can walk through any one of the three courtyards that separate them.

▽入口

▽连接空间的庭院

▽餐厅

▽用餐区域

▽下沉式厨房

在施工方面，我们设想了一个不断分享，接受和参考现场发生的误差和意外的过程，以创造一个内化自然扭曲和不确定性的建筑。更具体地说，我们在地面上挖了一个洞来浇筑混凝土，随后挖掘出体量，并固定了玻璃以创造出内部空间。

In terms of construction, we conceived a process of constantly sharing, accepting, and referencing the un-precisions and accidents that occurred on the site to create an architecture that internalizes natural distortions and uncertainties. More specifically, we dug a hole in the ground to pour concrete, excavated the volume, and fixed glasses to create interior space.

▽项目3D模型

▽根据挖掘出的体量固定玻璃

首先，将经过无数次修改的体量模型被转换为3D数据。然后将3D坐标数据输入到全站仪（TS）测量仪器中，以确定利用导航系统进行打桩点。同时请建筑工人手动挖洞以提高精度，并不断确认施工人员iPad上的位置和形状。尽可能接纳诸如草的生长、土壤坍塌或手工引起的误差等意外因素。当混凝土凝固后开挖结构时，它被泥浆覆盖。根据地质的变化，土壤的性质和外观在不同位置有一顶的差异。我们原本计划洗掉泥土，露出灰色的混凝土结构。然而，覆盖着土壤的外观实在令人印象深刻，并且让人感受到了一种如同洞穴般的氛围。因此我们决定保持现状，并采用新的形态重新设计建筑。

First, a mass model that went through countless modifications was converted into 3D data. The 3D coordinate data was then input into a total station (TS) survey instrument to determine the points utilizing a navigation system for pile driving. At the same time, construction workers dug the hole manually for precision while constantly confirming the position and shape on an iPad. Unexpected factors such as growing grass, soil collapsing, or errors due to manual labor were tolerated as much as possible. When the structure was excavated after concrete solidification, it was caked with mud. With the range in geology, the nature and appearance of the soil differed from place to place. We originally planned to wash away the dirt to reveal a gray concrete structure. However, we were impressed by how it looked with soil that we decided to leave it as it is. It was then that we sensed the atmosphere of a cave and decided to redesign the building with a new image.

▽三维数据

▽浇筑—挖掘

▽挖掘过程

▽被泥土包裹的混凝土体量

在设计内部空间时，我们在3D图像中将设计图纸与挖掘结构的实际表面坐标之间的差异可视化。这个过程揭示了一些预料之外的、从重叠的差异中下显现的新空间。团队发现了这些空间，并相应地更新了建筑的居住方式。因此，建筑的设计过程完全颠倒过来，以结构来确定设计，包括玻璃安装的位置和数量、家具的布置和尺寸，以及MEP设施的位置和细节等。例如，根据实际的现场测量调整了玻璃的固定位置，并使用3D扫描数据来验证玻璃在施工过程中或打开/关闭时不会因撞击结构而破裂，并调整铰链的位置。为了简化管道路线，计划将给排水系统呈直线穿过三个庭院，并安装了穿过玻璃窗进入房间内部的水龙头，排水管，通风管道等。

In designing the interior space, we visualized in 3D images the differences between the design drawings and the actual surface coordinates of the excavated structure. This process revealed new spaces that we had not anticipated to emerge from the overlapping discrepancies. We discovered such places and updated the way to inhabit the architecture accordingly. Thus the architectural design process was flipped, to reference the structure to determine the designs including the placement and number of glass pieces, arrangement and size of the furniture, and positions and details of MEP facilities. For example, where to fix the glass was adjusted based on actual on-site measurements, and 3D scan data was used to verify that the glass would not break by hitting the structure during the construction nor by opening/closing, and to adjust the position of the hinges. To simplify the plumbing route, the water supply and drainage were planned to pass through the three courtyards in a straight line, and faucets, drainage pipes, ventilation ducts, etc. were installed to penetrate the glass windows into the rooms.

▽卧室

▽浴室

▽洗手台

设计始终在接受不确定性，混凝土体量通过切割和尝试逐渐转化为一座完整的建筑。业主将在这里开始展开起居生活，同时经营一家餐厅，为该地注入新的活力。

Accepting uncertainties, the concrete mass will gradually be transformed into architecture through cut-and-try. The owner will start a life here, run a restaurant, and continue to renew this place.

文/石上纯也

Text by Junya Ishigami

英文版本译者：Fraze Craze

English version translator: Fraze Craze

▽平面图

▽剖面图

▽剖面细部

Project name: House & Restaurant
Site of the project: Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
Building Type: House + Restaurant
Design team: junya.ishigami+associates
Person in charge : Junya Ishigami, Taeko Abe, Jaehyub Ko, Takuya Nakayama
Structural engineering: Jun Sato Structural Engineers
Person in charge : Jun Sato, Yoshihiro Fukushima
lighting/interior designer: junya.ishigami+associates
Person in charge : Junya Ishigami, Takuya Nakayama
lighting advisor: Izumi Okayasu Lighting Design
Person in charge : Izumi Okayasu
curtain:Yoko Ando Design
Person in charge : Yoko Ando
General contractor: Akita Kensetsu Co.,Ltd.
Person in charge : Masato Akita, Gaku Matsumoto, Takaki Fukuda, Takuya Nakayama, Akane Enda, Yuki Inoue
Contractors: 
MEP
Echo Mechanical Plumber
Person in charge : Koichi Tashiro
landscape:
SOLSO
Person in charge : Yuta Itagaki
Takayama Zoen
Person in charge : Kazuya Kiryu
glass:Meiji Glass Company Limited
Person in charge : Kensuke Kashihara
fixture: Yanagiya
Person in charge : Yoshio Yanagiya
furniture: Gotanda Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
Person in charge : Shigeki Miyamoto, Ai Mizuta
RC furniture: I.D.Works
Person in charge : Hayato Takehashi
Client: Motonori Hirata
Site area: 914.69 m2
Building area: 270.72 m2
Total floor area: 195.41 m2
Design phase: 2013.7-2016.5
Construction phase: 2016.11-2022.3
Structural system: earth formwork reinforced concrete
Major materials: exposed concrete, tempered glass