Fabra & Coats 工厂的46个住宅

公司：	Roldán + Berengué	类型：	建筑
地区：	西班牙	标签：	旧改项目

位于巴塞罗那的fabra&coats老工业综合体仓库建筑的改造项目，包括了这个19世纪和XX世纪的纺织综合体的改造过程，以将其纳入“BCN创建工厂”网络。该项目将为Sant Andreu区带来超过28000平方米的设施，作为第一次工业遗产改造，社会住房也包括在内。该项目包括两个卧室的46个住宅单元:41个单元供年轻人居住，5个单元作为与综合体相关的艺术家临时住宅。对建筑的干预激活了原有建筑的所有元素，创造了新的方案，并重新利用其物理、空间和历史的特质，使新的建筑更加有效，并加强了原有建筑的特征。

The transformation project of the warehouse building of the old industrial complex of Fabra& Coats in Barcelona is included in the process of reconversion of this textile complex of the XIX and XX centuries to incorporate it to the "BCN creation factories" network. The project will bring to the Sant Andreu district more than 28,000 m2 of facilities and, as a first time in an industrial heritage transformation, social housing is included. The project includes 46 housing units of two bedrooms: 41 units for young people and 5 units as a temporal residence for artists in relation with the complex. The intervention in the building activates all the elements of the original building creating the new program, and reuses its physical, spatial and historical qualities to make the new construction more efficient and to reinforce the character of the original building.

原建筑是100米长，第一个决定是带来其最大尺寸的价值，也就是长度。我们穿过中心创造了一个室内广场，在这里，室内楼梯的长廊开始于对角双上升。原建筑从一层一直延伸到屋顶结构，在物理和视觉上都是相通的。

The original building is 100m long, where the first decision was to bring the value of its maximum dimension, which is the length. We access through the center creating an interior square where the promenade of the interior stairs begins in diagonal double ascending. The original building is communicated physically and visually from the ground level until the roof structure.

▽平面图 Plan

新的建筑是通过组合的方式，它是一个干式的建筑，只有很少的材料，就像原来的工业建筑一样。木材的使用形式多样：实心的、团聚的、交叉层压的......。材料的连接，犹如纺织品一样。缝和拆，新的建筑通过其特性和组合，可以组装和拆卸，所以它是 "可逆的"。建筑内部两层的结构再利用，在没有任何加固的情况下，利用它们来支撑两层新的住房（承载力为1100kg/m2）。

The new construction is by assemblage, it is a dry construction with just few materials, as in the original industrial building. Wood is used in all its forms: solid, agglomerated, cross laminated... Materials are joined as if it was a textile. To sew and un-sew, the new construction by its character and assemblage, can be assembled and disassembled, so it is "reversible". Structural reuse of the two inner floors of the building, using them without any reinforcement (load capacity of 1,100kg/m2) to support on both floors the two new levels of housing.

▽项目概念 Concept

建筑物的外墙和屋顶作为住宅单元的热缓冲区。新的住宅单元与建筑的外墙和原有的屋顶分开，采用新的木质外墙，中间的空间是为了使空气循环，因此，住宅单元在一年中的大部分时间不需要空调。

Façade and roof of the building as a thermic buffer for the housing units. The new housing units are placed separated from the façade and the original roof of the building, with a new wooden façade.The in-between space is created to circulate the air; therefore, the housing units do notrequire the air conditioning the most part of the year.

▽通风与温度分析 Ventilation and temperature analysis

行动:工业遗产+社会住宅+文化综合体。这些住房单元将被年轻人和综合体的艺术家所占据，他们将充分利用社会公共空间。这个空间将结合临时的艺术干预，以及工作和交流想法的空间，以这种方式使建筑成为圣安德烈区和Can Fabra室内广场之间的结合点。

Action: Industrial heritage + social housing + cultural complex. The housing units will be occupied by young people and artists of the complex, who will make the most of the social common space. This space will combine temporary art interventions, with spaces for working and exchanging ideas, acting this way the building as a point of union between the district of San Andreu and the interior square of Can Fabra.

建筑的一侧，是1950年扩建的结果，已被指定为巴塞罗那 "CollaCastellera Jove "的总部。相邻的100米长的建筑已被改造成一个由46个社会住房单元组成的综合体。

One side of the building, the result of an extension on 1950, has been destined for the headquarters of the “CollaCastellera Jove” in Barcelona. The adjacent building, 100 m long, has been transformed into a complex of 46 social housing units.

新建筑的组织遵循两个原则:

-室内外的连续性:室内空间向综合体的公共广场开放，可以在那里进行户外训练。

-内部空间之间的视觉互动:间隙和透明的金属外壳让我们可以在建筑的任何地方与室外互动。

The new building is organized following two principles:

- Interior-exterior continuity: the interior spaces get open to the public square of the complex, where outdoor training can be done.

- Visual interaction between the interior spaces: gaps and transparent metal enclosures allow us to follow the activities of the human towers from anywhere in the building.

▽改造概念 Concept of the renovation

为了配置主空间，人塔训练室(10x10x10米)是基于对人塔的分析而设计的:金字塔结构，理想情况下是纯压缩的。由于它们的操作，它们填满了空间，在它们周围创造了一个空白的空间。一层楼的荷载越大，它的截面就越多，荷载的下降就会以城堡的形状显示出来。为了防止由于运动而屈曲或由于超重而崩溃，障碍物被放置:“pinya, folre, manilles”。

To configure the main space, the training room for human towers (10x10x10 m), is based on the analysis of human towers: pyramidal structures that work, ideally, with pure compression. Due to their operation, they fill the space, creating an empty space around them. The more load a floor has, the more section it has, and the drop of loads is displayed in the shape of the castle. To prevent buckling due to movements or collapse due to excess weight, the obstacles are placed: “pinya, folre, manilles”.

▽改造前后 Before & After

新结构以一种与人塔互补的方式构思:它像一个外壳，创造了一个内部的空白空间。屋顶下的上层是一个三维悬浮结构，不使其操作明显。它由楼板、桁架和屋顶组成，并由围墙支撑，围墙的工作在柔性压缩被楼板锁住。

The new structure is conceived in a complementary way to a human tower: it works like a shell, creating an empty space inside. The upper floor under roof is a three-dimensional suspended structure that does not make its operation evident. It is formed by the slabs, the trusses and the roof, and is supported by the perimeter walls, which work at flexo-compression locked by the slabs.

新建筑是通过 "装配式"。它是一种干燥和可逆的建筑，如在相邻的房屋建筑与有限的材料：钢，木材和砖，所有这些材料已经存在于原来的建筑。

The new construction is by “assembly”. It is a dry and reversible construction made, as in the adjacent building of houses with a limited number of materials: steel, wood and brick, all of them already existing in the original building.

现有的建筑作为建筑的热缓冲。45厘米砖墙和瓷砖原建筑屋顶提供的保温质量和外观上面的房间分开原来的外观,创造一个中间的空间,房间的空气流通的目的。

The existing building acts as a thermal buffer for the building. The 45 cm brick wall and the ceramic tile roof of the original building provide with its thermal insulation mass and the façade of the upper room is separated from the original façade, creating an intermediate space through which the air circulates with the aim of that the room should not be heated for most of the year.