三个方块住宅

公司：	Studio Puisto	类型：	建筑
地区：	芬兰	标签：	别墅私宅

建筑从南面穿过一片茂密的云杉林，东侧的湖面景观向右缓缓打开。云杉林形成了建筑工地自然而有特色的后墙。它在地块西侧边界起到了强大的视觉屏障作用，同时也柔化了这里原本开阔的声势景观，并为其增添了柔和的暗色调。

The building is approached from the south through a dense spruce forest, as the lake landscape slowly opens to the right on the east side. The spruce forest forms a natural and characteristic back wall for the construction site. It acts as a strong visual barrier along the western boundary of the plot, but also softens the place's otherwise open sound landscape and adds a gentle, dark tone to it.

在设计之初，该地块几乎无树，只需移走一棵枫树，为建筑腾出空间。岸边有节奏的白桦树线条，是房屋内部景观开阔的重要特征，也为从湖边看建筑提供了私密性。岸边陡峭的石堤与房屋下部的铺地石相呼应。建筑的具体位置主要是由景观决定的，在地块上越往北走，湖面景观越开阔，另一方面，到岸边的最短距离也被精确确定。

At the beginning of the design, the plot was almost treeless and only one maple tree had to be removed to make room for the building. The rhythmic line of birches by the shore is an essential feature for the landscape opening from the interior of the house, and it also provides privacy when viewing the building from the lake. The steep stone embankment of the shore is repeated with the paving stones of the lower part of the house. The exact location of the building was largely determined by the views. The more north you move on the plot, the more the lake landscape opens, on the other hand the shortest distance to the shore was precisely determined.

为了获得最好的景观，岸边的老桑拿房不得不稍稍移动。向着最近的邻居，位于西北方向，向着朝北的低矮树层，视野被稀稀拉拉地打开，房子在这个方向上更加封闭。大面积的玻璃表面没有用室内窗帘覆盖，而是在墙体结构的外表面集成了一个遮阳帘，这样既不允许热辐射进入，又可以在屋内欣赏到景观。

The old sauna by the shore had to be moved slightly in order to get the best view. Views have been sparingly opened towards the closest neighbor, located northwest, and towards the under-grown tree layer facing north, and the house is more enclosed in that direction. Instead of covering the large glass surfaces with interior curtains, a sunblind was integrated into the outer surface of the wall structure, which does not allow heat radiation to enter, but allows views to the landscape to be enjoyed from inside the house.

该建筑由三个相互交错的方形体量组成，不同体量的空间位置严格按照功能分布，主体量包含生活、睡眠和餐饮区，小体量则有桑拿和公用设施、车库和技术设施。主体量体的核心与边体量体在同一坐标系内，明确了各空间之间的联系，平和了空间体验。主体量体的基本思路是以开放的广场空间为核心，所有的装置都集成在这里，很多功能都在这里。核心已经从主质的坐标系中移出，这样可以优化其与外墙之间的空间利用。

The building consists of three interlocking square masses. The locations of the spaces in different masses are strictly distributed according to the functions; the main mass contains the living, sleeping and dining areas, and the smaller ones have sauna and utility facilities, garage and technical facilities. The core of the main mass and the side masses are within the same coordinate system, which clarifies the connections between the spaces and calms the spatial experience. The basic idea behind the main mass is the core of the open square space, where all the fixtures are integrated and much of the functionality is located. The core has been shifted from the coordinate system of the main mass so that the use of the spaces between it and the outer walls could be optimized.

走廊、睡眠区、娱乐角和书房都位于这个空间分布中形成的中间空间中。核心内部是一个杂物间、卫生间和一个步入式衣柜。没有传统的房间划分，但如果需要，空间之间可以用推拉门隔开。由于大面积的玻璃表面和强大的景观开口，空间的性质变化很大。景观本身是室内最重要的元素，它是有生命力的，随着时间和季节的变化而不断变化。在湖边，建筑的层高明显高于周围的地势，给人一种漂浮在湖面之上的感觉。同样，在位于房屋西侧角落的生活区，也能感受到云杉林的氛围，它被抬高到森林灌木丛的高度。这边扎根于地面，自然光渗入空间较少，所以体验更接近森林氛围。

The hallway, sleeping areas, entertainment corner and study are located in caverns created within this spatial distribution. Inside the core is a utility room, toilets and a walk-in closet. There is no traditional division into rooms, but spaces can be separated from one another by sliding doors if desired. The nature of the spaces varies greatly due to large glass surfaces and powerful openings to the landscape. The landscape itself is the most important element of the interior, which is alive and constantly changing according to the time of day and the seasons. On the lake side, the floor height of the building is clearly higher than the surrounding terrain to give the impression of floating above the lake. Similarly, the atmosphere of the spruce forest can be sensed in the living area, located in the western corner of the house, which has been raised to the height of the forest brush. This side is rooted in the ground, and less natural light seeps into the space so the experience is closer to that of the forest atmosphere.

在整个项目的各个阶段的设计都是在与客户的紧密合作中执行的。体验、氛围、材质、光的性质等设计出发点在实际设计空间之前就已经想好了，并进行了调整。设计和施工的时间异常漫长，这让设计师和客户都非常满意--在生活在现代建筑的忙碌氛围中后，感到很轻松。引用客户的话说："我之前承接的三个个人建筑项目，每一个都感觉是纯粹的体力活。不仅是施工，还有最终的结果。这是第一个感觉到有精神上的东西参与的建筑"。

Design at its various stages throughout the project has been executed in close collaboration with the client. Experiences, atmosphere, materiality, nature of light and other starting points of design were thought through and tuned well in advance of the actual design of the space. The design and construction schedule were extraordinarily long, which has resulted in a house that both designer and client are very happy with - a relief after living with the hectic atmosphere of modern construction. To quote the client, “each of the three previous personal construction projects I have undertaken felt purely physical. Not only construction, but also the end result. This is the first building where it feels like something spiritual is involved.”

建筑的外观在材料上的分布毫不含糊。门窗的高度为2.3米。在这个高度的所有建筑周围的东西都是玻璃或者是被油漆成黑色的木头。在这个2.3米高的区域上下，都是莱茵锌克的预浸锌板。阳台和通往岸边的楼梯是由落叶松制成的。内部材料的选择也很明确：核心区的所有表面和装置都是油胡桃木。在核心区之外，墙壁和天花板以及垂直结构都是黑色油渍松木。地板由黑色油蜡橡木镶木地板制成。桑拿室和盥洗室与深色的主体形成对比，所有表面都是石蜡赤杨。淋浴间的瓷砖与木材相配。

The exterior of the building is unambiguously distributed in terms of materials. The doors and windows are 2.3 meters high. Everything in this height all around the building is either glass or wood that has been oil painted black. All above and below this 2.3-meter-high zone is Rheinzink pre-patinated sheet zinc. The terraces and the stairs leading to the shore are made of larch. The interior material palette is also clear: the core, with all its surfaces and fixtures, is oiled walnut. Outside the core, the walls and ceilings, as well as the vertical structures, are black oil stained pine. The floor is made of black oil waxed oak parquet. The sauna and washrooms form a contrast to the dark main mass with paraffin-oiled alder on all surfaces. The shower has a ceramic tile that matches the wood.

空间的特殊氛围主要得益于自然光的运用和经过天然处理的木质表面的不同光泽度。建筑的空间设计并不惧怕黑暗，而是将其变成了一种力量。建筑里有光线充足的地方，也有可以蜷缩在阴影里的地方。总是根据情况和心情而定。人工照明的原则一直是只在必要的地方照明，把光带到你最需要的地方，营造安全舒适的氛围。光线以核桃木芯为中心，从外面看，核桃木芯作为一种温暖的元素在发光。在室外，主要是对走道进行照明，也有一些树木作为焦点，以便在天黑的时候更容易看到外面的情况。

The special atmosphere of the spaces is largely due to the use of natural light and the different gloss levels of naturally treated wood surfaces. The design of the building's spaces is not afraid of darkness but has turned it into a strength. The building has places with a huge amount of light and places where you can curl up into the shadows. Always according to the situation and mood. The principle of artificial lighting has been to illuminate only where necessary, bringing light to where you need it most and creating a safe and cozy atmosphere. The light is centered on the walnut core, which glows as a warm element when viewed from the outside. Outside, mainly the walkways are illuminated, but also a few trees as focal points in order to make it easier to see outside when it is dark.

在设计中特别注重细节，尤其是一个精心设计和执行的极简主义细节并没有在环境中显得很突兀，而是谨慎地保持在背景中。这让网站变得平静和清晰，创造出一种一切都在掌控之中的舒适感。大量的细节和无模结构对工人的精度要求极高，由于他们的专业技能，最终结果呈现出非凡的和谐。

Special attention has been paid to detail in the design and particularly to the fact that a well-designed and executed minimalist detail does not scream with its existence but remains discreetly in the background. This calms and clarifies the site, creating the feeling that everything is comfortably under control and in place. The large number of details and e.g. molding-free construction has demanded extreme precision from the workers and thanks to their professional skills, the end result presents extraordinary harmony.

建筑物用地热取暖。它的特点是地板加热和电热窗。车库和湿房建在承重板上，除此之外，建筑还采用了木质框架。木框架墙体、地板和天花板都有木纤维保温材料，结构中没有使用塑料。

The building warms up with geothermal heat. It features underfloor heating and electrically heated windows. The garage and the wet rooms are built on a loadbearing slab, otherwise the building has a wooden frame. The wooden frame walls, floors and ceilings have wood fiber insulation, plastic has not been used in the structures.